Form 10-K
Table of Contents

 

 

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-K

 

þ  

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012

or

¨  

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

  For the transition period from                  to                 

Commission File Number 000-21433

Forrester Research, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware   04-2797789

(State or other jurisdiction

of incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification Number)

60 Acorn Park Drive   02140
Cambridge, Massachusetts   (Zip Code)
(Address of principal executive offices)  

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:

(617) 613-6000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of Each Class

 

Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered

Common Stock, $.01 Par Value   Nasdaq Global Select Market

Securities to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ¨    No  þ

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ¨    No  þ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirement for the past 90 days.    Yes  þ    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files.)     Yes  þ     No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer ¨   Accelerated filer þ   Non-accelerated filer ¨   Smaller reporting company ¨
  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  ¨    No  þ

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2012 (based on the closing price as quoted by the Nasdaq National Market as of such date) was approximately $484,000,000.

As of March 13, 2013, 22,335,000 shares of the registrant’s common stock were outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement related to its 2013 Annual Stockholders’ Meeting to be filed subsequently — Part III of this Form 10-K.

 

 

 


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This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as “expects,” “believes,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” or similar expressions are intended to identify these forward-looking statements. Reference is made in particular to our statements about possible acquisitions, our plans for international expansion, future dividends, future share repurchases, future growth rates, anticipated increases in our sales force, future capital expenditures, remediation of our internal control over financial reporting and the adequacy of our cash, marketable investments and cash flows to satisfy our working capital and capital expenditures. These statements are based on our current plans and expectations and involve risks and uncertainties. Important factors that could cause actual future activities and results of operations to be materially different from those set forth in the forward-looking statements are discussed below under “Risk Factors.” We undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.

PART I

General

Forrester Research, Inc. is an independent research company that provides pragmatic and forward-thinking advice to global leaders in business and technology. Our products and services are targeted to specific roles, including senior management in business strategy, marketing, and information technology principally at $1 billion-plus (revenue) companies who collaborate with us to accelerate achievement of their business goals.

Research serves as the foundation for all our solutions and consists primarily of annual memberships to our RoleViewTM syndicated research offerings that provide access to our core research on a wide range of business and technology issues critical to the success of the individuals in the roles we serve. In addition to our RoleView offerings, we also provide a portfolio of products and services that allow our clients to interact directly with analysts and their peers and explore in greater detail the issues and topics covered by RoleView research on a role and client-specific basis.

We were incorporated in Massachusetts on July 7, 1983 and reincorporated in Delaware on February 16, 1996.

Our Internet address is www.forrester.com. We make available free of charge, on or through the investor information section of our website, annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC.

Industry Background

Enterprises and their employees struggle to remain both competitive and cost-efficient in an increasingly complex global business environment. Developing comprehensive and coordinated business strategies is difficult because as the economy and technology change, consumers and businesses adopt new methods of buying and selling, and markets grow increasingly dynamic.

Consequently, companies and the professionals who are in the roles we serve rely on external sources of expertise that provide independent business advice spanning a variety of areas including but not limited to technology, business strategy, and customer behavior. We believe there is a need for objective research that is thematic, prescriptive, and executable, and that provides a comprehensive perspective on the knowledge and skills required to succeed in today’s rapidly changing business environment.

Forrester’s Strategy

Forrester’s role-based strategy focuses attention on serving leaders in key roles across its client base. Forrester’s role-centric solutions provide clients with more relevant insights, allowing them to make better informed and justified decisions faster.

 

 

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We seek to maintain and enhance our position as a leading global research and advisory firm and to capitalize on demand for our offerings by:

Identifying and Defining New Business Models, Technologies, and Markets.    We seek to differentiate ourselves from other research firms by delivering pragmatic and forward-thinking research and analysis on the impact of technology on business models, business practices, and technology infrastructure. We believe that our research methodology and our creative culture allow us to identify and analyze rapid shifts in business and consumer use of technology before these changes appear on the horizons of most users, vendors, and other research firms. Our early identification of these shifts enables us to help our clients capitalize on emerging business models and technologies.

Leveraging our RoleView Research.    Our business model, technology platform, and research methodologies allow us to sell existing products and to rapidly introduce new products and services without incurring significant incremental costs. We intend to continue to use our business model, technology platform, and research methodologies to both increase sales of our existing RoleView research products and introduce innovative new products. Our other offerings complement, enhance and supplement our RoleView research offerings, and many are designed to address the specific needs and problems of our clients and the professionals in the roles we serve. We also may acquire, through acquisition or license from third parties, new products and services that complement and support our strategy and existing offerings.

Using Targeted, Global Client-Centric Sales Channels.    Our business is organized into two principal global client groups that support our role-based strategy and are closely aligned with our client base: the Business Technology Client Group and the Marketing & Strategy Client Group. Senior practice leaders within our client groups focus on creating and delivering relevant research and related products and services to the professional roles we serve. Our Events operations support both client groups. We sell our products and services directly through a global sales force with sales personnel focusing on the needs of professionals in the roles we serve.

In 2012 we collapsed our three previous client groups into two. The practice leaders formerly associated with the Technology Industry (TI) Client Group were assigned to the remaining two groups. We continue to produce research relevant to professionals in roles previously serviced by the TI Client Group and sell tailored products and services to technology industry clients. In 2012 we reorganized our sales force to simplify the sales process. Our sales personnel, formerly focused on selling to professionals in the roles covered by a specific client group, now sell our products and services to all professional roles within the clients they service. In January 2013 we further refined our sales structure to streamline the selling process and improve client service. Our sales force, managed by a chief sales officer with global sales management responsibility, operates out of various locations in North America, Europe, Asia and Australia. We also sell our products and services through independent sales representatives in select international locations.

Growing Our Client Base Worldwide and Increasing Sales to Existing Clients.    We believe that our products and services can be successfully marketed and sold to new client companies worldwide and to new roles and additional units and divisions within our existing client companies. We believe that within our client base of over 2,400 client companies as of December 31, 2012 there is opportunity both to sell additional products and services to current users as well as to deliver our RoleView research and product portfolio to a greater number of professionals. In addition to our expanded presence in Asia as a result of our acquisition of Springboard Research in 2011, we intend to continue to expand our coverage of global markets as the growing impact of technology on business innovation creates demand for external sources of objective research.

Developing and Retaining Outstanding Research Professionals.    The knowledge and experience of our analysts are critical elements of our ability to provide high-quality products and services. We employ outstanding research professionals from varied backgrounds and a wide range of industries. We believe that our culture, which emphasizes client service, courage, collaboration, integrity and quality, helps us to develop and retain high-caliber research professionals. We provide a competitive compensation structure, as well as recognition and rewards for excellent individual and team performance.

 

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Forrester’s Solution

Our broad range of expertise on the impact of technology on business, consumer and customer behavior, and on marketing and strategy enables us to offer our clients the best available and most relevant research and insights on changing business models, best practices, technology investments, business practices, implementation advice, and customer trends. Our solution provides our clients with:

A Unified Set of Services to Help our Clients and to Make their Leaders Successful in their Roles.    We offer clients a comprehensive set of products and services to obtain access to the research, data, analysts, and peer insights they need to be successful in their professional roles, including, for example, to:

 

   

Assess potential new markets, competitors, products and services, and go-to-market strategies.

 

   

Anticipate technology-driven business model shifts.

 

   

Understand trends in consumer behavior and how to capitalize on those trends for marketing and sales purposes.

 

   

Educate, inform, and align strategic decision-makers in their organizations.

 

   

Navigate technology purchase and implementation challenges and optimize technology investments.

 

   

Capitalize on emerging technologies.

Expertise on Emerging Technologies.    We started our business in 1983 and have a long history of, and extensive experience in, identifying trends and providing research and executable advice on the impact of technology on business. Our research analysts have many years of industry experience, are frequent speakers at business and technology conferences, and are often quoted in the media. They enjoy direct access to the leaders and decision-makers within large enterprises and technology vendors. We provide our research analysts with training to ensure that they have the skills to challenge conventional viewpoints and provide prescriptive, executable insight and research to our clients.

Products and Services

We offer our clients a selection of engagement opportunities that are organized for and directed toward the multiple professional roles we cover.

RoleViewTM Research

Our primary syndicated research product, RoleView, provides clients with access to our core syndicated research designed to inform their strategic decision-making. Our various RoleView research offerings, including IT View, M&S View, and TI View, each consists of a library of cross-linked documents that interconnect our reports, data, product rankings, best practices, evaluation tools, and research archives. RoleView research access is provided through role-based websites that facilitate client access to research and tools that are most relevant to their professional roles, including community tools that allow interaction between and among clients and our analysts. Through this access structure, each of our RoleView research offerings addresses the interplay of an individual client’s responsibilities and goals, business demands, and organizational and technology capabilities.

Our RoleView research products include The Forrester WaveTM. The Forrester Wave provides a detailed analysis of vendors’ technologies and services based on transparent, fully accessible criteria, and measurement of characteristics weighted by us. The Forrester Wave includes an Excel spreadsheet that allows clients to compare products and get in-depth data and analysis about each one and tools to develop a custom shortlist based on the client’s unique requirements. The Forrester Wave is our primary mechanism for evaluating enterprise technologies.

Clients subscribing to our RoleView research products may choose between two membership levels:

 

   

RoleView Member Licenses.    RoleView Member Licenses include access to the written research, as well as Inquiry with analysts, one Event seat, and access to Forrester Webinars. Inquiry enables clients to contact our analysts for quick feedback on projects they may have underway, to discuss ideas and models in the research, or for answers to questions about unfolding industry events. Typically, Inquiry sessions

 

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are 30-minute phone calls, scheduled upon client request, or e-mail responses coordinated through our research specialists. Events bring together executives and other participants for one or multi-day conferences to network with their peers and to hear business leaders discuss the issues and solutions most pertinent to their roles and responsibilities. Forrester Webinars are hour-long Web-based conferences on selected topics of interest to particular professional roles that typically are held several times a week. They consist of an analyst-led presentation followed by questions from participants. Members may access the analyst Web presentation and participate in the subsequent forum for questions and discussion among all attendees. Webinars are also made available for member download.

 

   

RoleView Reader Licenses.    RoleView Reader Licenses provide access to our written research.

Both Member and Reader clients receive access to our research specialists, who provide additional information about our research, methodologies, coverage areas, and sources. The research specialists are available to help clients navigate our website, find relevant information, and put clients in contact with the appropriate analyst for inquiries.

Forrester® Leadership Boards

Our Forrester Leadership Boards are exclusive offerings for executives and other key employees at large companies worldwide. Clients may choose to participate in one or more Forrester Leadership Boards. Memberships are available in the Chief Information Officer (CIO) Group and the Chief Marketing Officer (CMO) Group and in a number of additional technology, marketing, and executive programs and councils addressing issues of interest to the professional roles we cover. In addition to a Member license to access the appropriate RoleView research offering, members of our Forrester Leadership Boards receive access to the following:

 

   

Advisors to assist members with individual research-related questions, and topics of specific relevance to the challenges these clients face.

 

   

Membership-directed research which includes comprehensive coverage of industry trends and best practices.

 

   

Exclusive industry-specific benchmark data.

 

   

Peer-to-peer networking through premier event meetings and group audio-conferences, individual member to member conversations, and virtual community activities.

Data Products & Services

Our Data products and services focus on consumers’ and business users’ attitudes about and behavior toward technology, including ownership, future purchases, and adoption trends. These products incorporate extensive survey research designed and analyzed by our staff. Clients can leverage our data products and services or choose to have us conduct data analysis on their behalf. Our data products and services include:

 

   

Consumer Technographics® Data & Services.    Consumer Technographics delivers both primary data and quantitative research, based on surveys of over 335,000 households and individuals in North America, Europe, Russia, Asia Pacific, and Latin America. Marketing and strategy professionals rely on our Consumer Technographics data for unique insights into how technology impacts the way consumers select, purchase, use, and communicate about products and services. We combine respondent data sets from our Consumer Technographics surveys into multiple offerings including: Global Technographics, North American Technographics, European Technographics, Russian Technograhics, Asia Pacific Technographics, and Latin America Technographics. Additionally, clients have access to a Technographics data specialist to help them use the data effectively to meet their specific business needs.

 

   

Forrester’s ForrsightsTM for Business Technology.    Forrester’s Forrsights is an ongoing quantitative research program that provides comprehensive, in-depth assessments of what motivates businesses to choose certain technologies and vendors over others. We annually survey more than 45,000 business and technology executives as well as information workers at small, medium and large enterprises in North American, European, and other global markets. Our surveys reveal these firms’ technology adoption

 

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trends, budgets, business organization, decision processes, purchase plans, and brand preferences. Forrester’s Forrsights clients also have access to a dedicated data advisor to assist in utilizing appropriate data to achieve desired outcomes.

 

   

Forrester’s Tech Marketing Navigator offering is a decision support tool that measures and reports on the current information consumption patterns of key influencers for large technology purchases. We annually survey more than 25,000 business and technology executives and consumers in North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Latin America. Technology marketing professionals rely on Forrester Tech Marketing Navigator to make a wide range of key decisions around content, messaging, sequencing of activities, specific media that need to work globally and locally, and demand-generation choices. The Forrester Tech Marketing Navigator offering includes access to an online decision tool and a data advisor.

Forrester Consulting

Our research-based advisory and project consulting services leverage our RoleView research offerings and our data products and services to deliver focused insights and recommendations to assist clients in developing and executing technology and business strategy, informing critical decisions and reducing business risk, and making large technology investments. For example, we help information technology professionals with vendor selection, compare best practices, analyze whether outsourcing is advisable, and validate technology infrastructure; marketing and strategy professionals with consumer product strategy, direct marketing technology investments, eBusiness strategy, and interactive marketing strategy, including social media; and we assist technology industry professionals with market and competitive assessments, go-to-market strategy, custom market research, and product development.

Our consulting services include website reviews that provide targeted, action-oriented assessments of clients’ websites, extranets, or intranets. Feedback is based on a comprehensive examination of the clients’ website and web strategies as well as reviews and comparisons with competitors’ websites, other channels and industry benchmarks.

Forrester Events

We host multiple events in various locations in North America, Europe and Asia throughout the year. Events build upon our research and data products and services to bring together executives and other participants serving or interested in the particular professional role(s) on which an event focuses. Event participants come together to network with their peers, meet with Forrester analysts, and to hear business leaders discuss business and technology issues of interest or significance to the professional roles in attendance and the impact of technology on the professionals and their businesses.

Sales and Marketing

We sell our products and services through our direct sales force in various locations in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. As discussed above, we reorganized our sales force in 2012 and further refined our structure in January 2013. Previously, our direct sales resources operated through customer-focused segments related principally to the size of our customers in terms of revenues, with a separate segment (Prospective) focused on new business. Beginning in January 2013, our Premier segment continues to focus on coordinated account management for selling to our largest clients, and all of our other direct sales resources now operate through geographic segments in North America, Europe and Asia Pacific that focus on selling to and servicing customers and prospects within the particular geographies. We also sell our products and services through independent sales representatives in select international locations. We employed 462 salespersons as of December 31, 2012, an increase of 5% from 438 as of December 31, 2011. We also sell certain of our research products directly online through our website.

For information on our operating segments and our international operations, see Note 11 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

 

 

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Our marketing activities are designed to increase awareness of the Forrester brand and further our reputation as a leader in role-based business and technology research. We actively promote brand awareness via our website, Forrester Events, extensive worldwide press relations, and direct mail campaigns. We also employ an integrated direct marketing strategy that uses Internet, mail, and telephone channels for identifying and attracting high-quality sales leads. We encourage our analysts to increase our visibility by having their research ideas selectively distributed through various Internet, print, and television outlets. In addition, we support an active social media strategy whereby our analysts blog regularly with respect to the roles they serve. Other activities, including Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, and similar tools interconnect and cross-promote the analysts’ blogs and research content.

As of December 31, 2012, our research was delivered to more than 2,400 client companies. No single client company accounted for more than 2% of our 2012 revenues.

Pricing and Contracts

We report our revenue from client contracts in two categories of revenue: (1) research services and (2) advisory services and other. We classify revenue from subscriptions to our RoleView Research, Forrester Leadership Boards and Data Products and Services as research services revenue. We classify revenue from Forrester Consulting and Forrester Events as advisory services and other revenue.

Contract pricing for annual memberships for research only is principally a function of the number of licensed users at the client. Pricing of contracts for research and advisory services is a function of the number of licensed users, and the amount and type of advisory services. We track the agreement value of contracts to purchase research and advisory services as a significant business indicator. We calculate agreement value as the total revenues recognizable from all research and advisory service contracts in force at a given time (but not including advisory-only contracts), without regard to how much revenue has already been recognized. Agreement value decreased less than 1% to $220.4 million at December 31, 2012 from $221.1 million at December 31, 2011.

Research Analysts and Methodology

We employ a structured methodology in our research that enables us to identify and analyze technology trends, markets, and audiences and ensures consistent research quality and recommendations across all coverage areas. We seek to provide relevant research that will contribute to the success of our clients in their professional roles.

We ascertain the issues important to our clients and technology users through thousands of interactions and surveys with vendors and business, marketing, and technology professionals, and accordingly, the majority of our research is focused on the issues our clients face each day. We use the following primary research inputs:

 

   

Confidential interviews with early adopters and mainstream users of new technologies.

 

   

In-depth interviews with technology vendors and suppliers of related services.

 

   

Ongoing briefings with vendors to review current positions and future directions.

 

   

Continuous dialogue with our clients to identify technology issues in the marketplace.

Our Consumer Technographics and Forrester’s Forrsights research combines our qualitative research methodology with traditional survey research methodologies such as correlation, frequency distribution, cross-tabulation, and multivariate statistics to produce research reports, quantitative survey data, and data briefs. Third-party data vendors are frequently used for data collection and tabulation.

The Forrester Wave combines in-depth product test results and user interviews with market and strategic analysis to score attributes of emerging technologies. We then apply this research and strategic analysis to determine the weighting of each attribute and create interactive spreadsheets, databases, and reports.

Collaboration among analysts is an integral part of our process, leading to higher-quality research and a unified perspective. All RoleView research begins either with a client or vendor catalyst or with discussion sessions among analysts to generate ideas for research. Analysts test ideas throughout the research process at

 

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both informal and regularly scheduled research meetings and using social media technologies. Our reports are consistent in format, and we require our analysts to write in a structure that combines graphics with easy-to-read text to deliver concise, decisive, relevant, and objective research to our clients.

Competition

We believe that the principal competitive factors in our industry include the following:

 

   

Quality of research and analysis and related services.

 

   

The ability to offer products and services that meet the changing needs of organizations and executives for research and analysis.

 

   

Customer service.

 

   

Independent analysis and opinions.

 

   

Timely delivery of information.

 

   

The ability to leverage new technologies.

 

   

Price.

We believe that we compete favorably with respect to each of these factors. We believe that our role-based strategy, including the diversity of roles we support and the ways in which we support them, as well as our focus on emerging technologies are significant competitive advantages. Additionally, we believe that in addition to our role-based strategy, our research methodology, easy-to-read formats, and portfolio of complementary product offerings distinguish us from our competitors.

We compete principally in the market for research and advisory services and their application for client success, with an emphasis on the impact of technology on our clients’ business models and customer markets. Our principal direct competitors include other providers of similar services, such as Gartner, as well as providers of peer networking services and Internet and digital media measurement services. In addition, our indirect competitors include the internal planning and marketing staffs of our current and prospective clients, as well as other information providers such as electronic and print publishing companies, survey-based general market research firms, and general business consulting firms. Our indirect competitors could choose to compete directly against us in the future. In addition, there are relatively few barriers to entry into our market, and new competitors could readily seek to compete against us in one or more market segments addressed by our research. Increased competition could adversely affect our operating results through pricing pressure and loss of market share. There can be no assurance that we will be able to continue to compete successfully against existing or new competitors.

Employees

As of December 31, 2012, we employed a total of 1,236 persons, including 432 research staff and 462 sales personnel.

Our culture emphasizes certain key values — including client service, courage, collaboration, integrity and quality — that we believe are critical to our future growth. We promote these values through training and frequent recognition for achievement. We encourage teamwork and promote and recognize individuals who foster these values. New employees participate in a three-day training process that focuses on our role-based strategy, our products and services, corporate culture, values and goals.

 

Item 1A. Risk Factors

We are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual future activities and results of operations to be materially different from those set forth in forward-looking statements made by us. These risks and uncertainties include:

A Decline in Renewals for Our Membership-Based Research Services.    Our success depends in large part upon retaining (on both a client company and dollar basis) and enriching existing memberships for our research

 

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products and services. Future declines in client retention, dollar retention, and enrichment could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.

Our Business may be Adversely Affected by the Economic Environment.    Our business is in part dependent on technology spending and is impacted by economic conditions. The economic environment may materially and adversely affect demand for our products and services. If conditions in the United States and global economy were to lead to a decrease in technology spending, or in demand for our research and advisory services, this could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Our International Operations Expose Us to a Variety of Operational Risks which Could Negatively Impact Our Results of Operations.    We have clients in approximately 60 countries and approximately 28% of our revenue comes from international sales. Our operating results are subject to the risks inherent in international business activities, including challenges in staffing and managing foreign operations, changes in regulatory requirements, compliance with numerous foreign laws and regulations, differences between U.S. and foreign tax rates and laws, fluctuations in currency exchange rates, difficulty of enforcing client agreements, collecting accounts receivable, and protecting intellectual property rights in international jurisdictions. Furthermore, we rely on local independent sales representatives in some international locations. If any of these arrangements are terminated by our representatives or us, we may not be able to replace the arrangement on beneficial terms or on a timely basis, or clients of the local sales representative may not want to continue to do business with us or our new representative.

Ability to Develop and Offer New Products and Services.    Our future success will depend in part on our ability to offer new products and services. These new products and services must successfully gain market acceptance by anticipating and identifying changes in client requirements and changes in the technology industry and by addressing specific industry and business organization sectors. The process of internally researching, developing, launching and gaining client acceptance of a new product or service, or assimilating and marketing an acquired product or service, is risky and costly. We may not be able to introduce new, or assimilate acquired, products or services successfully. Our failure to do so would adversely affect our ability to maintain a competitive position in our market and continue to grow our business.

Loss of Key Management.    Our future success will depend in large part upon the continued services of a number of our key management employees. The loss of any one of them, in particular George F. Colony, our founder, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, could adversely affect our business.

The Ability to Attract and Retain Qualified Professional Staff.    Our future success will depend in large measure upon the continued contributions of our senior management team, research analysts, and experienced sales and marketing personnel. Thus, our future operating results will be largely dependent upon our ability to retain the services of these individuals and to attract additional professionals from a limited pool of qualified candidates. We have also experienced challenges with effectively implementing changes to our sales organization, and our future success will depend in part upon the effectiveness of our sales leadership in hiring and retaining sales personnel and in improving sales productivity. We experience competition in hiring and retaining professionals from developers of Internet and emerging-technology products, other research firms, management consulting firms, print and electronic publishing companies and financial services companies, many of which have substantially greater ability, either through cash or equity, to attract and compensate professionals. If we lose professionals or are unable to attract new talent, we will not be able to maintain our position in the market or grow our business.

Failure to Anticipate and Respond to Market Trends.    Our success depends in part upon our ability to anticipate rapidly changing technologies and market trends and to adapt our research to meet the changing information needs of our clients. The technology and commerce sectors that we analyze undergo frequent and often dramatic changes. The environment of rapid and continuous change presents significant challenges to our ability to provide our clients with current and timely analysis, strategies and advice on issues of importance to them. Meeting these challenges requires the commitment of substantial resources. Any failure to continue to provide insightful and timely analysis of developments, technologies, and trends in a manner that meets market needs could have an adverse effect on our market position and results of operations.

 

 

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We May be Subject to Network Disruptions or Security Breaches that Could Damage Our Reputation and Harm Our Business and Operating Results.    We may be subject to network disruptions or security breaches caused by computer viruses, illegal break-ins or hacking, sabotage, acts of vandalism by third parties or terrorism. Our security measures or those of our third party service providers may not detect or prevent such security breaches. Any such compromise of our information security could result in the unauthorized publication of our confidential business or proprietary information, cause an interruption in our operations, result in the unauthorized release of customer or employee data, result in a violation of privacy or other laws, expose us to a risk of litigation or damage our reputation, which could harm our business and operating results.

Competition.    We compete in the market for research products and services with other independent providers of similar services. We may also face increased competition from Internet-based research firms. Some of our competitors have substantially greater financial, information-gathering, and marketing resources than we do. In addition, our indirect competitors include the internal planning and marketing staffs of our current and prospective clients, as well as other information providers such as electronic and print publishing companies, survey-based general market research firms and general business consulting firms. Our indirect competitors may choose to compete directly against us in the future. In addition, there are relatively few barriers to entry into our market, and new competitors could readily seek to compete against us in one or more market segments addressed by our products and services. Increased competition could adversely affect our operating results through pricing pressure and loss of market share.

Fluctuations in Our Operating Results.    Our revenues and earnings may fluctuate from quarter to quarter based on a variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control, and which may affect our stock price. These factors include, but are not limited to:

 

   

Trends in technology spending in the marketplace and general economic conditions.

 

   

The timing and size of new and renewal memberships for our research services from clients.

 

   

The utilization of our advisory services by our clients.

 

   

The timing of revenue-generating events sponsored by us.

 

   

The introduction and marketing of new products and services by us and our competitors.

 

   

The hiring and training of new analysts and sales personnel.

 

   

Changes in demand for our research and advisory services.

 

   

Fluctuations in currency exchange rates.

As a result, our operating results in future quarters may be below the expectations of securities analysts and investors, which could have an adverse effect on the market price for our common stock. Factors such as announcements of new products, services, offices, acquisitions or strategic alliances by us, our competitors, or in the research and professional services industries generally, may have a significant impact on the market price of our common stock. The market price for our common stock may also be affected by movements in prices of stocks in general.

Any Weakness Identified in Our System of Internal Controls by Us and Our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Could Have an Adverse Effect on Our Business.    Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires that companies evaluate and report on their systems of internal control over financial reporting. In addition, our independent registered public accounting firm must report on its evaluation of those controls. As disclosed in Item 9A of this report, we have identified a material weakness as of December 31, 2012 in our internal control over financial reporting because we did not maintain effective controls over revenue related to our advisory services and consulting projects. Our management has taken action to begin remediating this material weakness, but we cannot be certain when remediation will have been completed. In future periods, we may identify additional deficiencies in our system of internal controls over financial reporting that may require remediation. There can be no assurances that any such future deficiencies identified may not be material weaknesses that would be required to be reported in future periods.

 

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We May Realize Losses on Our Investments or Be Unable to Liquidate These Investments at Desired Times and in Desired Amounts.    At December 31, 2012, we had approximately $9.0 million of long-term marketable investments in municipal notes with an auction reset feature. In February 2008, auctions had begun to fail for these securities and have continued to fail, which means that the parties wishing to sell securities in the normal auction process could not. Based on current market conditions, it is likely that auction failures will continue and as a result, our ability to liquidate our investment and fully recover the carrying value of our investment in the near term may be limited or may not exist.

 

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

We have not received written comments from the Securities and Exchange Commission that remain unresolved.

 

Item 2. Properties

Our corporate headquarters building is comprised of approximately 190,000 square feet of office space in Cambridge, Massachusetts, substantially all of which is currently occupied by the Company. This facility accommodates research, marketing, sales, technology, and operations personnel. The lease term of this facility expires February 28, 2027.

We also rent office space in San Francisco, New York City, Dallas, McLean, Virginia, Amsterdam, Frankfurt, London, Paris and New Delhi. In 2012 we entered into a new lease for approximately 14,000 square feet in New Delhi, with a nine-year term (cancellable after three years) that expires July 12, 2021. Our San Francisco lease is for approximately 19,000 square feet, with a 63-month term that expires June 30, 2016. Our New York lease is for approximately 15,200 square feet, with an initial term of ten years until December 31, 2020. The London lease is for approximately 17,800 square feet, with a term of eleven years until September 24, 2021. We also lease office space on a relatively short-term basis in various other locations in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia.

We believe that our existing facilities are adequate for our current needs and that additional facilities are available for lease to meet future needs.

 

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

We are not currently a party to any material legal proceedings.

 

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

PART II

 

Item 5. Market For Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “FORR”. We did not declare or pay any dividends during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011. In February 2012 our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.14 per that was paid on March 21, 2012, and quarterly dividends of $0.14 per share were subsequently declared and paid in the second, third and fourth quarters of 2012. On February 13, 2013, we announced an increase in our regular quarterly dividend to $0.15 per share. We intend to continue paying regular quarterly cash dividends; however, the actual declaration of any such future dividends, and the establishment of the per share amount and payment dates for any such future dividends are subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors.

As of March 13, 2013 there were approximately 42 stockholders of record of our common stock. On March 13, 2013 the closing price of our common stock was $29.32 per share.

 

 

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The following table represents the ranges of high and low sale prices of our common stock for the years ended December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011:

 

     2012      2011  
     High      Low      High      Low  

First Quarter

   $ 36.15       $ 31.37       $ 38.75       $ 28.72   

Second Quarter

   $ 36.00       $ 30.90       $ 40.00       $ 32.68   

Third Quarter

   $ 34.46       $ 20.60       $ 34.40       $ 29.15   

Fourth Quarter

   $ 31.00       $ 26.22       $ 39.77       $ 30.75   

Through 2012, our Board of Directors authorized an aggregate $310.0 million to purchase common stock under our stock repurchase program, including $50.0 million authorized in 2012. As of December 31, 2012 we had repurchased approximately 9.2 million shares of common stock at an aggregate cost of $210.8 million.

During the quarter ended December 31, 2012 we repurchased the following shares of our common stock under the stock repurchase program.

 

Period

   Total Number  of
Shares Purchased (1)
     Average Price
Paid  per Share
     Maximum Dollar
Value that May
Yet be Purchased
Under the Stock
Repurchase Program
 
        
        
        
        
                   (In thousands)  

October 1- October 31

     95,166       $ 29.82       $ 99,975   

November 1—November 30

     27,723       $ 29.52       $ 99,157   

December 1—December 31

           $      
  

 

 

       
     122,889         
  

 

 

       

 

(1) All purchases of our common stock were made under the stock repurchase program first announced in 2001.

The following graph contains the cumulative stockholder return on our common stock during the period from December 31, 2007 through December 31, 2012 with the cumulative return during the same period for the Nasdaq Stock Market (U.S. Companies) and the Russell 2000, and assumes that the dividends, if any, were reinvested.

 

LOGO

 

 

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Item 6. Selected Consolidated Financial Data

The selected financial data presented below is derived from our consolidated financial statements and should be read in connection with those statements.

 

     Years Ended December 31,  
     2012      2011      2010      2009      2008  
     (In thousands, except per share amounts)  

Consolidated Statement of Income Data

              

Research services

   $ 202,998       $ 191,648       $ 168,508       $ 157,726       $ 155,339   

Advisory services and other

     89,932         91,968         82,218         75,626         85,536   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total revenue

     292,930         283,616         250,726         233,352         240,875   

Operating income

     30,659         36,997         30,750         32,420         37,964   

Other income and gains (losses) on investments, net

     851         1,648         3,550         1,315         6,846   

Net income

   $ 25,574       $ 23,010       $ 20,507       $ 18,866       $ 29,215   

Basic income per common share

   $ 1.14       $ 1.02       $ 0.91       $ 0.83       $ 1.27   

Diluted income per common share

   $ 1.12       $ 0.99       $ 0.89       $ 0.82       $ 1.24   

Basic weighted average shares outstanding

     22,500         22,666         22,478         22,645         23,062   

Diluted weighted average shares outstanding

     22,929         23,164         23,063         22,884         23,585   

 

     As of December 31,  
     2012      2011      2010      2009      2008  
     (In thousands)  

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data

              

Cash, cash equivalents and marketable investments

   $ 242,656       $ 227,603       $ 216,034       $ 259,792       $ 259,929   

Working capital

     155,236         158,098         146,140         190,667         166,001   

Total assets

     487,832         487,578         450,477         470,196         454,951   

Deferred revenue

     150,479         147,887         131,521         117,888         113,844   

Total liabilities

     190,762         196,843         178,570         158,251         151,454   

Cash dividends declared

     12,588                 68,414                   

The following items impact the comparability of our consolidated data:

 

   

Cash dividends in 2012 represent quarterly dividends of $0.14 per share declared and paid during 2012. Cash dividends in 2010 represent a special dividend of $3.00 per common share declared and paid in the fourth quarter of 2010.

 

   

The 2009 operating income amount includes a $5.4 million reorganization charge for facility consolidations and a reduction-in-force of approximately 50 employees.

 

   

The results of JupiterResearch, LLC, and its parent company, JUPR Holdings, Inc. (“JupiterResearch”) are included in our consolidated results beginning July 31, 2008, the date of acquisition.

 

   

The 2012 other income and gains (losses) on investments, net amount includes $0.8 million ($0.5 million after tax) of losses on investments of which $1.4 million of losses ($0.8 million after tax) relate to 2011 and $0.6 million ($0.3 million after tax) of gains relate to prior periods.

 

   

The 2008 other income and gains (losses) on investments, net amount includes a net foreign exchange loss of approximately $1.6 million ($1.2 million after tax) resulting primarily from the remeasurement of certain intercompany payables and receivables. Of the net $1.6 million loss, approximately $1.9 million related to periods prior to 2008.

 

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

We derive revenues from memberships to our research products and services, performing advisory services and consulting projects, and hosting events. We offer contracts for our research products that are typically renewable annually and payable in advance. Research revenues are recognized as revenue ratably over the term of the contract. Accordingly, a substantial portion of our billings are initially recorded as deferred revenue. Clients purchase advisory services independently and/or to supplement their memberships to our research. Billings attributable to advisory services and consulting projects are initially recorded as deferred revenue. Advisory service revenues, such as workshops, speeches and advisory days, are recognized when the customer receives the agreed upon deliverable. Consulting project revenues, which generally are short-term in nature and based upon fixed-fee agreements, are recognized as the services are provided. Event billings are also initially recorded as deferred revenue and are recognized as revenue upon completion of each event.

Our primary operating expenses consist of cost of services and fulfillment, selling and marketing expenses and general and administrative expenses. Cost of services and fulfillment represents the costs associated with the production and delivery of our products and services, including salaries, bonuses, employee benefits and stock-based compensation expense for research personnel and all associated editorial, travel, and support services. Selling and marketing expenses include salaries, sales commissions, bonuses, employee benefits, stock-based compensation expense, travel expenses, promotional costs and other costs incurred in marketing and selling our products and services. General and administrative expenses include the costs of the technology, operations, finance, and human resources groups and our other administrative functions, including salaries, bonuses, employee benefits, and stock-based compensation expense. Overhead costs such as facilities are allocated to these categories according to the number of employees in each group.

Deferred revenue, agreement value, client retention, dollar retention, enrichment and number of clients are metrics we believe are important to understanding our business. We believe that the amount of deferred revenue, along with the agreement value of contracts to purchase research and advisory services, provide a significant measure of our business activity. We define these metrics as follows:

 

   

Deferred revenue — billings in advance of revenue recognition as of the measurement date.

 

   

Agreement value — the total revenues recognizable from all research and advisory service contracts in force at a given time (but not including advisory-only contracts), without regard to how much revenue has already been recognized. No single client accounted for more than 2% of agreement value at December 31, 2012.

 

   

Client retention — the percentage of client companies with memberships expiring during the most recent twelve-month period that renewed one or more of those memberships during that same period.

 

   

Dollar retention — the percentage of the dollar value of all client membership contracts renewed during the most recent twelve-month period to the total dollar value of all client membership contracts that expired during the period.

 

   

Enrichment — the percentage of the dollar value of client membership contracts renewed during the most recent twelve-month period to the dollar value of the corresponding expiring contracts.

 

   

Clients — we count as a single client the various divisions and subsidiaries of a corporate parent and we also aggregate separate instrumentalities of the federal, state, and provincial governments as single clients.

 

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Client retention, dollar retention, and enrichment are not necessarily indicative of the rate of future retention of our revenue base. A summary of our key metrics is as follows (dollars in millions):

 

     As of
December 31,
    Absolute
Increase
(Decrease)
    Percentage
Increase
(Decrease)
 
     2012     2011      

Deferred revenue

   $ 150.5      $ 147.9      $ 2.6        2

Agreement value

   $ 220.4      $ 221.1      $ (0.7       

Client retention

     77     80     (3     (4 %) 

Dollar retention

     90     90              

Enrichment

     95     101     (6     (6 %) 

Number of clients

     2,462        2,495        (33     (1 %) 

 

     As of
December 31,
    Absolute
Increase
(Decrease)
    Percentage
Increase
(Decrease)
 
     2011     2010      

Deferred revenue

   $ 147.9      $ 131.5      $ 16.4        12

Agreement value

   $ 221.1      $ 202.7      $ 18.4        9

Client retention

     80     80              

Dollar retention

     90     91     (1     (1 %) 

Enrichment

     101     104     (3     (3 %) 

Number of clients

     2,495        2,272        223        10

Agreement value at December 31, 2012 showed a decline of less than 1% from December 31, 2011. The year-over-year growth rates in agreement value trended downward during each consecutive quarter of 2012 primarily due to a continuing decrease in our enrichment rates, which, at 95% for the 12-month period ending December 31, 2012, represents a 6% decrease from the prior period. We attribute the decline in the enrichment rate to the challenges associated with the implementation of the sales reorganization in January 2012 combined with high sales employee attrition during 2012. Client retention, dollar retention and number of clients at December 31, 2012 remain near historical levels.

Deferred revenue and agreement value increased significantly at December 31, 2011 as compared to 2010 due to increased demand for our products and services due to the improvements in the economy during this period and as we increased the number of sales personnel during both 2010 and 2011.

Effective in 2012, we modified our calculation of the number of clients in accordance with an automated system that counts as a single client the various divisions and subsidiaries of a corporate parent and also aggregates separate instrumentalities of federal, state, and provincial governments. The number of clients as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 has been recalculated to conform to the current methodology; however 2011 and 2010 client and dollar retention and enrichment are not recalculated. Accordingly, the client and dollar retention and enrichment percentages at December 31, 2012 are directionally but not absolutely indicative of the actual change from the comparable period in 2011.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our policies and estimates, including but not limited to, those related to our revenue recognition, stock-based compensation, non-marketable investments, goodwill and intangible assets, income taxes, and valuation and impairment of marketable investments. Management bases its estimates on historical experience, data available at the time the estimates are made and various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the

 

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results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We consider the following accounting policies to be those that require the most subjective judgment or that involve uncertainty that could have a material impact on our financial statements. If actual results differ significantly from management’s estimates and projections, there could be a material effect on our financial statements. This is not a comprehensive list of all of our accounting policies. In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by GAAP, with no need for management’s judgment in its application. There are also areas in which management’s judgment in selecting any available alternative would not produce a materially different result. For a discussion of our other accounting policies, see Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on page F-7.

 

   

Revenue Recognition.    Effective January 1, 2011 we adopted Update No. 2009-13, “Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements — a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force” (ASU 2009-13). ASU 2009-13 updates the previous multiple-element revenue arrangements guidance. The revised guidance primarily provides three significant changes: 1) it eliminates the need for objective and reliable evidence of the fair value for the undelivered element in order for a delivered item to be treated as a separate unit of accounting; 2) it eliminates the residual method to allocate the arrangement consideration; and 3) it modifies the fair value requirements of EITF Issue 00-21 by providing “best estimate of selling price” in addition to vendor specific objective evidence and vendor objective evidence for determining the selling price of a deliverable. The adoption of ASU 2009-13 did not have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

We generate revenues from licensing memberships to our research (including our data products), performing advisory services and consulting projects and hosting events. We execute contracts that govern the terms and conditions of each arrangement. Revenues are recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the fee is fixed or determinable, services have been provided to the customer, and collectability is reasonably assured. Our contracts may include either a single product or service or a combination of multiple products and services. Revenues from contracts that contain multiple products or services are allocated among the separate units of accounting based on their relative selling prices; however, the amount recognized is limited to the amount that is not contingent on future performance conditions. For example, when a discount off of list price is provided in a multiple element contract, the discount is applied ratably to the research and data products only (which commence delivery on the first day of the contract), as the undelivered products in the contract (advisory services or events) would be refundable to the customer at list price. We obtain the selling prices of our products and services based upon an analysis of standalone sales of these products and services during the year. Research service revenues are recognized ratably over the term of the contract. Advisory service revenues, such as workshops, speeches and advisory days, are recognized when the customer receives the agreed upon deliverable and consulting project revenues are recognized as the services are provided. Reimbursed out-of-pocket expenses are recorded as advisory services revenue. Event revenues are recognized upon completion of the event.

Annual subscriptions to our RoleView research include access to all or a designated portion of our research, and depending on the type of license, membership in one or more of our Forrester leadership boards, unlimited phone or email analyst inquiry, unlimited participation in Forrester Webinars, and the right to attend one event. Contracts for RoleView research entered into prior to the adoption of ASU 2009-13 on January 1, 2011, were accounted for as one unit of accounting and recognized ratably as research services revenue over the membership period. Contracts for RoleView research entered into or significantly modified after January 1, 2011 are accounted for as two units of accounting: 1) the event ticket and 2) the remaining research services that are delivered throughout the contract period based on the new guidance that permits alternative methods of determining selling prices as it relates to the components that we do not sell on a standalone basis, such as research services in our case. Arrangement consideration is allocated to each element based upon its relative selling price, which is determined based on standalone sales of event tickets and the estimated selling price of the remaining research services. Annual subscriptions to our data products

 

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include access to designated survey data products and access to a data specialist, which are delivered throughout the year, and are accounted for as one unit of accounting and recognized ratably as research services revenue over the membership period. For contracts entered into through January 2013, we offered our clients a service guarantee, which gives our clients the right to cancel their contracts prior to the end of the contract term and receive a refund for unused products or services. Furthermore, our revenue recognition determines the timing of commission expenses, as commissions are earned during the month a contract is booked and are deferred and recognized as expense as the related revenue is recognized. We evaluate the recoverability of deferred commissions at each balance sheet date.

 

   

Stock-Based Compensation.    Stock-based compensation is recognized as an expense based upon the fair value of the award at the time of grant. The determination of the fair value of stock-based compensation requires significant judgment and the use of estimates, particularly surrounding assumptions such as stock price volatility, expected option lives, dividend yields and forfeiture rates. These estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management judgment. As a result, if circumstances change and we use different assumptions, our stock-based compensation expense could be materially different in the future.

Expected volatility is based, in part, on the historical volatility of our common stock as well as management’s expectations of future volatility over the expected term of the awards granted. The development of an expected life assumption involves projecting employee exercise behaviors (expected period between stock option vesting dates and stock option exercise dates). Expected dividend yields are based on expectations of current and future dividends, if any. We are also required to estimate future forfeitures of stock-based awards for recognition of compensation expense. We will record additional expense if the actual forfeitures are lower than estimated and will record a recovery of prior recognized expense if the actual forfeitures are higher than estimated. In addition, for our performance-vested restricted stock units, we make estimates of the performance outcome at each period end in order to estimate the actual number of shares that will be earned. The actual expense recognized over the vesting period will only be for those awards that vest. If our actual forfeiture rate or performance outcomes are materially different from our estimates, or if our estimates of forfeitures or performance outcomes are modified in a future period, the actual stock-based compensation expense could be significantly different from what we have recorded in the current period. For example, during 2011 we modified our estimates of the performance outcome for RSUs issued during 2009 and 2010 that resulted in a credit of $0.9 million being recorded in 2011 related to expense recognized in prior periods related to these RSUs.

 

   

Non-Marketable Investments.    We hold minority interests in technology-related investment funds with a book value of $6.9 million at December 31, 2012. These investment funds are not publicly traded, and, therefore, because no established market for these securities exists, the estimate of the fair value of our investments requires significant judgment. Investments that are accounted for using the cost method are valued at cost unless an other-than-temporary impairment in their value occurs. For investments that are accounted for using the equity method, we record our share of the investee’s operating results each period. We review the fair value of our investments on a regular basis to evaluate whether an other-than-temporary impairment in the investment has occurred. We record impairment charges when we believe that an investment has experienced a decline in value that is other-than-temporary. Future adverse changes in market conditions or poor operating results of underlying investments could result in losses or an inability to recover the carrying value of the investments that may not be reflected in an investment’s current carrying value, thereby possibly requiring an impairment charge in the future.

 

   

Goodwill, Intangible Assets and Other Long-Lived Assets.    As of December 31, 2012, we had $86.9 million of goodwill and intangible assets with finite lives recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. Goodwill is required to be measured for impairment at least annually or whenever events indicate that there may be an impairment. In order to determine if an impairment exists, we compare each of our reporting unit’s carrying value to the reporting unit’s fair value. Determining the reporting unit’s fair value requires us to make estimates of market conditions and operational performance. Absent an event that indicates a specific impairment may exist, we have selected November 30 as the date to perform the annual goodwill impairment test. We completed the annual goodwill impairment testing as of

 

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November 30, 2012 and concluded that the fair values of each of our reporting units substantially exceeded their respective carrying values. Future events could cause us to conclude that impairment indicators exist and that goodwill associated with our acquired businesses is impaired. Any resulting impairment loss could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.

Intangible assets with finite lives consist of acquired customer relationships, technology, research content, and trademarks, and are valued according to the future cash flows they are estimated to produce. These assigned values are amortized on a basis which best matches the periods in which the economic benefits are expected to be realized. Tangible assets with finite lives consist of property and equipment, which are depreciated and amortized over their estimated useful lives. We continually evaluate whether events or circumstances have occurred that indicate that the estimated remaining useful life of our intangible and long-lived tangible assets may warrant revision or that the carrying value of these assets may be impaired. To compute whether intangible assets have been impaired, the estimated undiscounted future cash flows for the estimated remaining useful life of the assets are compared to the carrying value. To the extent that the future cash flows are less than the carrying value, the assets are written down to their estimated fair value.

 

   

Income Taxes.    We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates for the effect of temporary differences between book and tax bases of assets and liabilities as well as operating loss carryforwards (from acquisitions). Such amounts are adjusted as appropriate to reflect changes in the tax rates expected to be in effect when the temporary differences reverse. We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred taxes to an amount we believe is more likely than not to be realized. We consider future taxable income and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for a valuation allowance.

As a global company, we use significant judgment to calculate and provide for income taxes in each of the tax jurisdictions in which we operate. In the ordinary course of our business, there are transactions and calculations undertaken whose ultimate tax outcome cannot be certain. Some of these uncertainties arise as a consequence of transfer pricing for transactions with our subsidiaries and potential challenges to nexus and credit estimates. We estimate our exposure to unfavorable outcomes related to these uncertainties and record a liability based on the probability for such outcomes in accordance with current accounting guidelines.

Although we believe our estimates are reasonable, no assurance can be given that the final tax outcome will not be different from what is reflected in our historical income tax provisions, returns, and accruals. Such differences, or changes in estimates relating to potential differences, could have a material impact on our income tax provision and operating results in the period in which such a determination is made.

 

   

Valuation and Impairment of Marketable Investments.    Our investment portfolio may at any time contain investments in U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agency securities, taxable and/or tax exempt municipal notes (some of which may have an auction reset feature), corporate notes and bonds, commercial paper and money market funds. The assessment of the fair value of certain of the debt securities (e.g. those containing an auction reset feature) can be difficult and subjective due in part to limited trading activity of certain of these debt instruments.

In accordance with the accounting standard for fair value measurements, we have classified our marketable investments as Level 1, 2 or 3 within the fair value hierarchy. Fair values determined by Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. Fair values determined by Level 2 inputs utilize data points that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets, quoted prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets. Fair values determined by Level 3 inputs utilize unobservable data points.

As of December 31, 2012, we held municipal bonds with a fair value of $9.0 million ($11.0 million at par value) with an auction reset feature (“auction rate securities” or “ARS”). The fair value of the ARS was determined by utilizing a discounted cash flow approach, which is considered a Level 3 valuation. The

 

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assumptions used in preparing the discounted cash flow model include estimates, based on data available at December 31, 2012, of interest rates, timing and amount of cash flows, credit and liquidity premiums, and expected holding periods of the ARS. The assumptions used in valuing the ARS are volatile and subject to change as the underlying sources of these assumptions and market conditions change, which may lead us in the future to record additional losses for these securities. We classified these ARS as available-for-sale securities and determined that the losses were not considered other-than-temporary and were not due to credit losses. Accordingly, changes in the market value of the ARS have been recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011. If market conditions deteriorate further, we may be required to record unrealized losses in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) or impairment charges within the Consolidated Statements of Income. We may not be able to liquidate these investments unless the issuer calls the security, a successful auction occurs, a buyer is found outside of the auction process, or the security matures.

At December 31, 2012, we held $167.0 million of marketable investments that were valued using Level 2 inputs. Level 2 investments are initially valued at the transaction price and subsequently valued, at the end of each reporting period, by our investment managers utilizing third party pricing services, which consists of one price per instrument. We do not obtain pricing or quotes from brokers directly and historically we have not adjusted prices obtained from our investment managers for our non-ARS portfolio. We verify the pricing information obtained from our investment managers by obtaining an understanding of the pricing methodology and inputs utilized by the pricing services to value our particular investments, as well as an understanding of the controls and procedures utilized by our investment managers to both ensure the accurate recording and to validate the pricing of our investments obtained from the pricing services on an annual basis.

Our marketable investments consist solely of high credit quality corporate and municipal bonds with a weighted average credit rating AA and do not include difficult to value features. The majority of our marketable investments are in large corporate notes.

We conduct periodic reviews to identify and evaluate each investment that has an unrealized loss, in accordance with the meaning of other-than-temporary impairment and its application to certain investments, as required under current accounting standards. An unrealized loss exists when the current fair value of an individual security is less than its amortized cost basis. Unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities that are determined to be temporary, and not related to credit loss, are recorded, net of tax, in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, management performs an analysis to assess whether we intend to sell or whether we would more likely than not be required to sell the security before the expected recovery of the amortized cost basis. Where we intend to sell a security, or may be required to do so, the security’s decline in fair value would be deemed to be other-than-temporary and the full amount of the unrealized loss would be recorded within gains (losses) on investments, net in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Regardless of our intent to sell a security, we perform additional analysis on all securities with unrealized losses to evaluate losses associated with the creditworthiness of the security. Credit losses are identified where we do not expect to receive cash flows sufficient to recover the amortized cost basis of a security and are recorded within gains (losses) on investments, net in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

 

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Results of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010

The financial results for the year ended December 31, 2012 included in this report differ from those included in our earnings release issued February 13, 2013 in that they reflect an additional $750,000 ($450,000 after tax) loss on investments related to one of our technology-related investment funds. After the issuance of our earnings release we received updated financial results from one of our investment funds indicating an increase in unrealized investment losses for the fund as of December 31, 2012. We record a portion of the fund’s operating results, based on our ownership interest in the fund, as investment gains (losses) in our Consolidated Statements of Income. This resulted in (1) a decrease in our net income for the quarter ended December 31, 2012 from the previously announced $4.7 million to $4.3 million and a corresponding decrease in diluted and basic income per share for the quarter ended December 31, 2012 from the previously announced $0.21 to $0.19, and (2) a decrease in our net income for the year ended December 31, 2012 from the previously announced $26.0 million to $25.6 million and a corresponding decrease in diluted and basic income per share for the year ended December 31, 2012 from the previously announced $1.13 to $1.12 and from $1.16 to $1.14, respectively. This charge did not result in a change in our pro forma income from operations or pro forma diluted income per share as reported in our earnings release as we exclude investment gains and losses from pro forma results.

The following table sets forth our Consolidated Statements of Income as a percentage of total revenues for the years noted.

 

     Years Ended  
     December 31,  
     2012     2011     2010  

Revenues:

      

Research services

     69.3     67.6     67.2

Advisory services and other

     30.7        32.4        32.8   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenues

     100.0        100.0        100.0   

Operating expenses:

      

Cost of services and fulfillment

     38.0        36.5        37.5   

Selling and marketing

     34.6        35.8        33.8   

General and administrative

     12.6        11.8        13.6   

Depreciation

     3.0        1.9        1.4   

Amortization of intangible assets

     0.7        0.9        1.4   

Reorganization costs

     0.5        0.1          
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income from operations

     10.6        13.0        12.3   

Other income, net

     0.4        0.2        0.5   

Gains (losses) on investments, net

     (0.2     0.4        0.9   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

     10.8        13.6        13.7   

Income tax provision

     2.1        5.5        5.5   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income

     8.7     8.1     8.2
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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2012 compared to 2011

Revenues

 

     2012     2011     Absolute
Increase
(Decrease)
    Percentage
Increase
(Decrease)
 
     (dollars in millions)              

Revenues

   $ 292.9      $ 283.6      $ 9.3        3

Revenues from research services

   $ 203.0      $ 191.6      $ 11.4        6

Revenues from advisory services and other

   $ 89.9      $ 92.0      $ (2.1     (2 %) 

Revenues attributable to customers outside of the U.S.

   $ 81.8      $ 85.2      $ (3.4     (4 %) 

Percentage of revenue attributable to customers outside of the U.S.

     28     30     (2     (7 %) 

Number of clients (at end of period)

     2,462        2,495        (33     (1 %) 

Number of events

     15        15                 

The 3% increase in revenues during 2012 as compared to 2011 was driven by a 6% increase in research services revenue while advisory services and other revenue decreased by 2%. Foreign exchange fluctuations from the prior year had the effect of reducing revenue growth by approximately 1% while the effect of the Springboard Research acquisition in May 2011 had an insignificant impact on revenue growth in 2012. Revenues from customers outside the U.S. in 2012 compared to the prior year declined by 2% as a percent of total revenues due to both the effect of foreign currency rates and to a decline in revenue from the European region. The general economic conditions in Europe have contributed to a difficult selling environment in that region.

Research services revenues are recognized as revenue ratably over the term of the contracts, which are generally twelve-month periods. Revenue growth trended downward during the second half of 2012 as compared to the first half of 2012, reflecting a trend downward in the year-over–year growth in contract bookings during this period. Accordingly, we expect a continued downward trend in year-over-year research services revenue growth in the first half of 2013.

Revenue from advisory services and other decreased 2% during 2012 due to a $0.4 million decrease in event revenues and a $1.7 million decline in advisory and consulting revenue as compared to the prior year. The decline in event revenue resulted principally from the smaller scope of events in 2012 as compared to the prior year which led to lower event ticket revenue in 2012. We count co-located events, which enable our clients to attend multiple events with one event ticket, as a single event in the tables above. The decline in advisory and consulting revenue was due primarily to lower productivity during the year and to higher attrition of research analysts in 2012 as compared to the prior year. Please refer to the “Segment Results” section below for a discussion of revenue and direct margin results by segment.

Cost of Services and Fulfillment

 

     2012     2011     Absolute
Increase
(Decrease)
    Percentage
Increase
(Decrease)
 

Cost of services and fulfillment (dollars in millions)

   $ 111.2      $ 103.6      $ 7.6        7

Cost of services and fulfillment as a percentage of total revenues

     38.0     36.5     1.5        4

Number of research and fulfillment employees (at end of period)

     528        543        (15     (3 %) 

The increase in cost of services and fulfillment expenses during 2012 compared to the prior year is primarily the result of increased salary and benefit costs resulting from annual pay increases, higher incentive bonuses and a full year of the Springboard Research employee costs from the May 2011 acquisition. Average headcount during 2012 was essentially flat with 2011 levels. In addition, 2012 included increased professional services fees in support of consulting revenue and an increase of $1.4 million of stock compensation costs resulting from a

 

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credit to expense in the 2011 period resulting from a change in estimate for the amount of performance-based RSUs that would vest.

Selling and Marketing

 

                 Absolute     Percentage  
                 Increase     Increase  
     2012     2011     (Decrease)     (Decrease)  

Selling and marketing expenses (dollars in millions)

   $ 101.4      $ 101.5      $ (0.1       

Selling and marketing expenses as a percentage of total revenues

     34.6     35.8     (1.2     (3 %) 

Selling and marketing employees (at end of period)

     528        487        41        8

Selling and marketing expenses were essentially flat in 2012 compared to the prior year resulting from a decrease in total compensation costs which were offset primarily by increased travel and entertainment costs resulting from an increase in the average number of employees in 2012. The decrease in compensation costs in 2012 resulted from lower sales commissions principally due to modifications to our sales commission plan in 2012 and lower than planned contract bookings. The decrease in commissions was partially offset by an increase in incentive bonuses and salary and benefits resulting from an increase in the number of selling and marketing employees. Subject to the business environment, we intend to expand our sales force by approximately 10% in 2013 as compared to 2012. Increased sales of our research services are generally recognized over a twelve-month period, which typically results in an increase in selling and marketing expense as a percentage of revenue during periods of sales force expansion.

General and Administrative

 

                 Absolute      Percentage  
                 Increase      Increase  
     2012     2011     (Decrease)      (Decrease)  

General and administrative expenses (dollars in millions)

   $ 36.9      $ 33.3      $ 3.6         11

General and administrative expenses as a percentage of total revenues

     12.6     11.8     0.8         7

General and administrative employees (at end of period)

     180        178        2         1

The increase in general and administrative expenses during 2012 compared to the prior year is primarily due to an increase in professional services costs of approximately $2.6 million principally related to information technology projects, including our updated website and new customer relationship management software and an increase in salary and benefit costs of approximately $1.6 million. The increase in salary and benefits costs in 2012 was primarily due to a reduction in the amount of salary costs capitalized in 2012 as compared to 2011 principally for the Company’s website in the amount of $1.2 million. These increases were partially offset by a reduction in travel and entertainment costs in 2012.

Depreciation

Depreciation expense increased by $3.6 million during 2012 compared to the prior year primarily due to the initiation of depreciation for our new corporate headquarters in August 2011 and our new website in March 2012.

Amortization of Intangible Assets

Amortization expense has remained essentially consistent during 2012 as compared to the prior year.

Reorganization Costs

In the first quarter of 2012 we realigned our sales force to simplify the selling process to our customers. We incurred approximately $0.4 million of severance costs in the fourth quarter of 2011 for three sales employees located outside of the U.S. based on statutory termination benefits in their country of employment and the fact

 

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that termination was considered probable at December 31, 2011. We incurred an additional $1.4 million of severance and related costs during 2012 for the termination of 17 additional employees related to the sales reorganization and other cost reduction initiatives. Essentially all of the termination costs were paid during 2012.

In February 2013 the Company announced a reduction of approximately 30 jobs or 2.5% of its workforce worldwide to streamline its operations. The Company anticipates incurring approximately $1.5 million to $1.8 million of severance and related benefit costs in the first quarter of 2013 related to the reduction.

Other Income, Net

Other income, net, increased by $0.7 million in 2012 as compared to the prior year primarily due to lower net foreign exchange losses in 2012 as compared to the prior year, which was partially offset by lower interest income earned in 2012 from lower returns on our investments.

Gains (Losses) on Investments, Net

Gains (losses) on investments primarily represent our share of equity method investment gains (losses) from our technology-related investment funds. The decrease in gains of $1.5 million in 2012 compared to the prior year is primarily due to $0.8 million of losses recorded in 2012, of which $1.4 million of losses related to 2011 and $0.6 million of gains related to prior years. The additional losses for the 2011 period resulted from a lower valuation of certain investments in the funds from the valuations previously reported to us in 2011.

Income Tax Provision

 

                 Absolute     Percentage  
                 Increase     Increase  
     2012     2011     (Decrease)     (Decrease)  

Provision for income taxes (dollars in millions)

   $ 5.9      $ 15.6      $ (9.7     (62 %) 

Effective tax rate

     18.8     40.5     (21.7     (54 %) 

The decrease in the effective tax rate during 2012 as compared to the prior year is principally due to the benefits recognized from the settlement of a tax audit during 2012 at one of our foreign subsidiaries, resulting in an approximate 20 percentage point reduction in the effective tax rate, principally from the ability to recognize net operating losses at this subsidiary.

2011 compared to 2010

Revenues

                 Absolute      Percentage  
                 Increase      Increase  
     2011     2010     (Decrease)      (Decrease)  
     (dollars in millions)               

Revenues

   $ 283.6      $ 250.7      $ 32.9         13

Revenues from research services

   $ 191.6      $ 168.5      $ 23.1         14

Revenues from advisory services and other

   $ 92.0      $ 82.2      $ 9.8         12

Revenues attributable to customers outside of the U.S.

   $ 85.2      $ 70.7      $ 14.5         21

Percentage of revenue attributable to customers outside of the U.S.

     30     28     2         7

Number of clients (at end of period)

     2,495        2,272        223         10

Number of events

     15        14        1         7

The increase in total revenues in 2011 is principally the result of increased demand for our products and services and the acquisition of Springboard Research in May 2011, which accounted for approximately 1% of revenue growth. The effect of foreign exchange resulted in an approximate 1% increase in total revenues during 2011. Overall revenue growth was due in part to the growth in the economy and an increase in the number of sales personnel in 2011. Revenue growth outside of the U.S. outpaced the growth in the U.S., due in part to faster

 

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growth in the Asia Pacific region. Including the effect of foreign exchange, revenue earned outside of the U.S. increased by 2% as a percent of total revenues in 2011. We count co-located events, which enable our clients to attend multiple events with one event ticket, as a single event in the table above. Please refer to the “Segment Results” section below for a discussion of revenue and direct margin results by segment.

Cost of Services and Fulfillment

 

                 Absolute     Percentage  
                 Increase     Increase  
     2011     2010     (Decrease)     (Decrease)  

Cost of services and fulfillment (dollars in millions)

   $ 103.6      $ 94.1      $ 9.5        10

Cost of services and fulfillment as a percentage of total revenues

     36.5     37.5     (1.0     (3 %) 

Number of research and fulfillment employees (at end of period)

     543        474        69        15

The increase in cost of services and fulfillment in dollars during 2011 is primarily the result of increased compensation and benefits principally due to an increase in research and fulfillment employees, increased facility costs, and increased travel and entertainment expense due in part to an all-employee meeting in the first quarter of 2011. These increases were partially offset by a reduction of approximately $3.9 million of incentive compensation earned with respect to the third and fourth quarters of 2011. Facility costs recorded in costs of services and fulfillment increased approximately $2.9 million during 2011 primarily due to us incurring lease costs for both our new corporate headquarters and our previous headquarters in Cambridge, Massachusetts and also due to a higher level of costs for our new corporate headquarters. We recognized approximately eight months of lease costs in 2011 for our new headquarters during the construction period as we had access to the facility for construction purposes prior to our occupancy at the end of August 2011. Our lease at our prior headquarters expired on September 30, 2011. The decrease in cost of services and fulfillment as a percentage of total revenues during 2011 compared to the prior year is primarily due to the reduction in the amount of incentive bonus earned with respect to the current year.

Selling and Marketing

 

                 Absolute      Percentage  
                 Increase      Increase  
     2011     2010     (Decrease)      (Decrease)  

Selling and marketing expenses (dollars in millions)

   $ 101.5      $ 84.7      $ 16.8         20

Selling and marketing expenses as a percentage of total revenues

     35.8     33.8     2.0         6

Selling and marketing employees (at end of period)

     487        430        57         13

The increase in selling and marketing expenses in dollars and as a percentage of total revenues during 2011 is primarily due to an increase in compensation and benefits costs resulting from an increase in the number of selling and marketing employees and an increase in sales commissions. Increased sales of our syndicated research services products are generally recognized over a twelve-month period, which typically results in an increase in selling and marketing expense as a percentage of revenue during periods of sales force expansion. The increase is also attributable to increased travel and entertainment expense and increased facility costs. Facility costs recorded in selling and marketing increased approximately $2.1 million during 2011 primarily due to us incurring duplicate lease costs as described above under “cost of services and fulfillment”.

 

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General and Administrative

 

                 Absolute     Percentage  
                 Increase     Increase  
     2011     2010     (Decrease)     (Decrease)  

General and administrative expenses (dollars in millions)

   $ 33.3      $ 34.0      $ (0.7     (2 %) 

General and administrative expenses as a percentage of total revenues

     11.8     13.6     (1.8     (13 %) 

General and administrative employees (at end of period)

     178        174        4        2

The decrease in general and administrative expense in dollars and as percentage of total revenue during 2011 is primarily due a reduction of approximately $1.6 million of incentive compensation earned with respect to the third and fourth quarters of 2011, the capitalization of approximately $1.6 million of internal information technology salary costs in 2011 for the build of our new client-facing website that was launched in 2012, and a decrease of approximately $0.6 million in stock compensation expense. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in facility costs, an increase in compensation and benefits costs resulting from an increase in the number of general and administrative employees and salary increases during 2011, and acquisition and integration costs for Springboard Research of approximately $0.7 million. Facility costs recorded in general and administrative expense increased approximately $0.8 million during 2011 primarily due to us incurring duplicate lease costs as described above under “cost of services and fulfillment”.

Depreciation

The increase of $1.7 million in depreciation expense during 2011 is primarily due to the initiation of depreciation for our new corporate headquarters in August 2011.

Amortization of Intangible Assets

The decrease of $1.1 million in amortization expense during 2011 is primarily due to certain intangible assets from the acquisition of Strategic Oxygen in December 2009 becoming fully amortized in the first quarter of 2011, partially offset by an increase in amortization from the acquisition of Springboard Research in May 2011.

Reorganization Costs

In the first quarter of 2012 we realigned our sales force to simplify the selling process to our customers. The $0.4 million of reorganization costs incurred in 2011 consist of severance and related benefits for three employees located outside of the U.S. based on statutory termination benefits in their country of employment and the fact that termination was considered probable at December 31, 2011.

Other Income, Net

The decrease of $0.6 million in other income, net during 2011 is primarily due to lower interest income from lower returns on our investments.

Gains (Losses) on Investments, Net

Gains (losses) on investments primarily represent our share of equity method investment gains (losses) from our technology-related investment funds. The decrease of $1.3 million in gains during 2011 is primarily due to a smaller increase in the valuations of certain assets within the funds in 2011 as compared to 2010. Subsequent to 2011 we received information from the funds that reduced the value of the funds as of December 31, 2011 by $1.4 million. The $1.4 million investment loss was due to a reduction in the value of certain investments within the funds and was recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income in the year ended December 31, 2012.

 

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Income Tax Provision

 

                 Absolute      Percentage  
                 Increase      Increase  
     2011     2010     (Decrease)      (Decrease)  

Provision for income taxes (dollars in millions)

   $ 15.6      $ 13.8      $ 1.8         13

Effective tax rate

     40.5     40.2     0.3         1

The effective tax rate has remained relatively consistent from 2010 to 2011.

Segment Results

We are organized into two client groups with each client group responsible for writing relevant research for the roles within the client organization on a worldwide basis. The two client groups, which are considered operating segments, are: Business Technology (“BT”) and Marketing and Strategy (“M&S”). In addition, our Events segment supports both client groups. Each client group generates revenue through sales of research, advisory and other service offerings targeted at specific roles within their targeted clients. Each client group consists of research personnel focused primarily on issues relevant to particular roles and to the day-to-day responsibilities of persons within the roles. Amounts included in the Events segment relate to the operations of the events production department. Revenue reported in the Events segment consists primarily of sponsorships and sales of event tickets to Forrester events. In the second quarter of 2012, we modified our management structure by consolidating our former Technology Industry client group segment into our two remaining client groups: Business Technology and Marketing and Strategy. In addition, in the first quarter of 2012, we modified our calculation of segment direct margin to exclude certain marketing costs and Springboard Research integration costs and to include certain business development costs. Accordingly, the 2011 and 2010 amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.

We evaluate reportable segment performance based on direct margin. Direct margin, as presented below, is defined as operating income excluding sales expenses, certain marketing and fulfillment expenses, stock-based compensation expense, general and administrative expenses, depreciation expense, and amortization of intangibles.

 

     BT     M&S     Events     Consolidated  

Year ended December 31, 2012

        

Revenue

   $ 159,216      $ 120,885      $ 12,829      $ 292,930   

Direct margin

   $ 105,288      $ 82,225      $ 3,941      $ 191,454   

Year over year revenue growth

     3     5     (3 %)      3

Direct margin percentage

     66.1     68.0     30.7     65.4
     BT     M&S     Events     Consolidated  

Year ended December 31, 2011

        

Revenue

   $ 154,777      $ 115,666      $ 13,173      $ 283,616   

Direct margin

   $ 103,616      $ 77,510      $ 5,765      $ 186,891   

Year over year revenue growth

     7     21     18     13

Direct margin percentage

     66.9     67.0     43.8     65.9

 

     BT     M&S     Events     Consolidated  

Year ended December 31, 2010

        

Revenue

   $ 143,992      $ 95,534      $ 11,200      $ 250,726   

Direct margin

   $ 97,699      $ 63,002      $ 4,753      $ 165,454   

Direct margin percentage

     67.9     65.9     42.4     66.0

BT revenue increased 3% and 7% during 2012 and 2011, respectively, compared to the prior year periods. Research services revenues increased 4% and 11%, respectively, for each of the years compared to the prior years while advisory services and other decreased 1% and increased 1%, respectively, for each of the years compared to the prior years. The decrease in the research services revenue growth rate in 2012 as compared to

 

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2011 is primarily due to a decrease in contract bookings growth in 2012 compared to 2011 due in part to the sales reorganization and sales employee attrition in 2012. The decrease in direct margin percentage for the 2012 and 2011 periods compared to the prior years is primarily due to increased costs from the Springboard Research acquisition in May 2011.

M&S revenue increased 5% and 21% during 2012 and 2011, respectively, compared to the prior year periods. Research services revenues increased 8% and 19%, respectively, for each of the years compared to the prior years while advisory services and other decreased 3% and increased 27%, respectively, for each of the years compared to the prior years. The decrease in the research services revenue growth rate in 2012 as compared to 2011 is primarily due to a decrease in contract bookings growth in 2012 compared to 2011 due in part to the sales reorganization and sales employee attrition in 2012. The decrease in advisory services and other revenue growth rate in 2012 as compared to 2011 is primarily due to a decrease in contract bookings growth in 2012 compared to 2011 and attrition of the analysts that perform advisory services in 2012.

Events revenue decreased 3% and increased 18% during 2012 and 2011, respectively, compared to the prior year periods. During 2012 we repositioned our events to more closely align with our roles resulting in an increased number of smaller, co-located role-based events in comparison to larger combined events in the prior year. Co-located events enable our clients to attend multiple events with one event ticket and are considered as a single event. The decrease in revenue during 2012 is primarily due to the smaller scope of events held in 2012 as compared to the prior year, resulting in less event ticket revenue. The decrease in direct margin percentage during 2012 is primarily due to lower event ticket revenue compared to the prior year. The increase in revenue during 2011 was due in part to one additional event held in 2011 compared to 2010 and to a strengthening economy in 2011.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have financed our operations primarily through funds generated from operations. Memberships for research services, which constituted approximately 69% of our revenues during 2012, are annually renewable and are generally payable in advance. We generated cash from operating activities of $53.1 million, $55.4 million and $38.7 million during 2012, 2011 and 2010 respectively. The $2.3 million decrease in cash provided by operating activities in 2012 compared to 2011 is primarily due to a reduction in income before taxes of $7.1 million in 2012 compared to 2011, partially offset by a $5.3 million increase in non-cash expenses in 2012 including depreciation, amortization, gains/losses on investments, and stock compensation. The increase in cash provided from operations in 2011 compared to 2010 is primarily attributable to both a reduction in the amount of income taxes paid during 2011 of $10.7 million primarily due to a deferral of payments in 2011 and excess payments made in 2010, and an increase in net income of $2.5 million.

During 2012, we used $4.1 million of cash from investing activities, consisting primarily $5.1 million of purchases of property and equipment, partially offset by a $0.9 million reduction in restricted cash. Property and equipment purchases during 2012 consisted primarily of software and leasehold improvements. During 2011 we used $53.0 million of cash from investing activities, consisting primarily of $20.8 million of net purchases of marketable investments, $39.8 million of purchases of property and equipment and $7.5 million for acquisitions. The property and equipment purchases were partially funded by $14.5 million of restricted cash that had been placed in escrow in 2009 for such purchases. Property and equipment purchases during 2011 consisted primarily of leasehold improvements for new facilities and also included purchases of software and computer equipment.

We used $31.7 million of cash from financing activities during 2012 resulting from $29.8 million of purchases of our common stock, $12.6 million of regular quarterly dividend payments and $0.9 million of deferred payments from our 2011 acquisition of Springboard Research. In addition, we realized $11.2 million of proceeds from exercises of stock options and our employee stock purchase plan in 2012. We used $6.3 million of cash from financing activities during 2011 resulting from $18.4 million of purchases of our common stock, partially offset by $11.6 million of proceeds from exercises of stock options and our employee stock purchase plan. In each of October 2012 and February 2013, our board of directors increased our stock repurchase authorization by $50 million, bringing the total remaining stock purchase authorization to approximately $150 million. On February 13, 2013, we announced our intention to hire an investment banker to assist us in exploring means to accelerate our stock repurchase program and also announced an increase in our regular quarterly dividend to $0.15 per share.

 

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As of December 31, 2012, we held $9.0 million ($11.0 million at par value) of municipal bonds with an auction reset feature (“auction rate securities” or “ARS”). In February 2008, auctions began to fail for these securities and have continued to fail throughout 2012. As a result, our ability to liquidate our investment and fully recover the carrying value of our investment in the near term may be limited or may not exist. Based on our expected operating cash flows and our cash resources, we do not anticipate the current lack of liquidity with our ARS investments will affect our ability to execute our current business plan.

As of December 31, 2012, we had cash and cash equivalents of $98.8 million and marketable investments of $143.8 million. Cash balances held at our foreign subsidiaries were $28.1 million at December 31, 2012, of which $5.2 million represents undistributed earnings that are deemed to be indefinitely reinvested. We do not have a line of credit and do not presently anticipate the need to access a line of credit in the foreseeable future. We believe that our current cash balance, marketable investments, and cash flows from operations will satisfy working capital, financing activities, including an acceleration of purchases of our common stock under our stock repurchase program, and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next two years.

As of December 31, 2012, we had future contractual obligations as follows:

 

Contractual

Obligations

   Total      2013      2014      2015      2016      2017      Thereafter  
     (In thousands)  

Operating leases

   $ 116,410       $ 11,023       $ 10,158       $ 9,600       $ 9,104       $ 8,727       $ 67,798   

Purchase commitments

     1,183         504         607         72                           
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 117,593       $ 11,527       $ 10,765       $ 9,672       $ 9,104       $ 8,727       $ 67,798   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not maintain any off-balance sheet financing arrangements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a full description of recent accounting pronouncements including the expected dates of adoption and effects on results of operations and financial condition.

 

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The following discussion about our market risk disclosures involves forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. We are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. We have historically not used derivative financial instruments.

The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal and maintain liquidity while at the same time maximizing the income we receive from our investments without significantly increasing risk. To achieve this objective, we maintain our portfolio of cash equivalents and marketable investments in a variety of securities, including U.S. government agencies, municipal notes and bonds, corporate notes and bonds, commercial paper, and money market funds. The securities, other than money market funds, are classified as available-for-sale and consequently are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value with unrealized gains or losses reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. If interest rates rise, the market value of our investments may decline, which could result in a realized loss if we are forced to sell an investment before its scheduled maturity. We have the ability to hold our fixed income investments until maturity (without giving effect to any future acquisitions or mergers). Therefore, we would not expect our operating results or cash flows to be affected to any significant degree by a sudden change in market interest rates on our securities portfolio.

 

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At December 31, 2012, we held approximately $9.0 million ($11.0 million at par value) of municipal notes with an auction reset feature (“auction rate securities” or “ARS”). In February 2008, auctions for these securities began to fail and continued to fail throughout 2012. These ARS may not be accessible for in excess of twelve months because of continued failed auctions and have been classified in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as long-term marketable securities as of December 31, 2012. Based on current market conditions, it is likely that auction failures will continue and as a result, our ability to liquidate our investment and fully recover the carrying value of our investment in the near term may be limited or may not exist. If the issuers are unable to successfully close future auctions and their credit ratings deteriorate, we may in the future be required to record an impairment charge on these investments. We valued the ARS using a discounted cash flow model. The assumptions used in preparing the discounted cash flow model include estimates of interest rates, timing and amount of cash flows, credit and liquidity premiums, and expected holding periods of the ARS, based on data available at December 31, 2012. The assumptions used in valuing these ARS are volatile and subject to change as the underlying sources of these assumptions and market conditions change, which could result in significant changes to the fair value of these ARS.

The following table provides information about our investment portfolio. For investment securities, the table presents principal cash flows and related weighted-average interest rates by maturity date. ARS are shown based upon their contractual maturity dates that range from 2024 to 2034.

Principal amounts by maturity dates in U.S. dollars (dollars in thousands):

 

     Years Ended December 31,     Thereafter  
     2013     2014     2015    

State and municipal agency obligations

   $ 6,421      $ 10,326      $ 2,125      $ 8,970   

Federal agency and corporate obligations

     50,403        44,727        20,874          
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total investments

   $ 56,824      $ 55,053      $ 22,999      $ 8,970   

Weighted average interest rates

     0.67     0.73     0.62     0.26

Foreign Currency Exchange.    On a global level, we face exposure to movements in foreign currency exchange rates as we enter into normal business transactions that may be in currencies other than the local currency of our subsidiaries. In addition, transactions and account balances between our U.S. and foreign subsidiaries expose us to currency exchange risk. This exposure may change over time as business practices evolve and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, we incurred foreign currency exchange losses of $0.4 million, $1.3 million and $1.4 million, respectively. Historically, we have not entered into any hedging agreements. However, we may enter into hedging agreements in the future to attempt to mitigate the financial effect of future fluctuations in the euro or other foreign currencies.

 

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Item 8. Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

The financial statements listed in the following Index to Financial Statements are filed as a part of this 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

     Page  

Report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

     F-1   

Consolidated Balance Sheets

     F-2   

Consolidated Statements of Income

     F-3   

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

     F-4   

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

     F-5   

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

     F-6   

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

     F-7   

 

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of

Forrester Research, Inc.:

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, of stockholders’ equity and of cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Forrester Research, Inc. and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company did not maintain, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) because a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting related to the design and operation of controls over advisory services and consulting revenue existed as of that date. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weakness referred to above is described within Item 9A under Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting which appears on page 31 of the 2012 Annual Report to Stockholders. We considered this material weakness in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the December 31, 2012 consolidated financial statements, and our opinion regarding the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting does not affect our opinion on those consolidated financial statements. The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in management’s report referred to above. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements and on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/    PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Boston, Massachusetts

March 18, 2013

 

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FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 

     December 31,  
     2012     2011  
     (In thousands, except per
share data)
 
ASSETS   

Current Assets:

    

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 98,810      $ 81,047   

Marketable investments (Note 4)

     134,876        136,991   

Accounts receivable, net (Note 12)

     74,623        81,378   

Deferred commissions

     9,410        12,010   

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

     18,846        25,935   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current assets

     336,565        337,361   

Long-term marketable investments (Note 4)

     8,970        9,565   

Property and equipment, net (Note 12)

     46,300        50,448   

Goodwill (Note 3)

     78,954        71,543   

Intangible assets, net (Note 3)

     7,920        10,317   

Other assets

     9,123        8,344   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

   $ 487,832      $ 487,578   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY   

Current Liabilities:

    

Accounts payable

   $ 772      $ 1,223   

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (Note 12)

     30,078        30,153   

Deferred revenue

     150,479        147,887   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

     181,329        179,263   

Non-current liabilities (Note 12)

     9,433        17,580   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

     190,762        196,843   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Commitments (Note 7)

    

Stockholders’ Equity (Note 8):

    

Preferred stock, $.01 par value

    

Authorized — 500 shares, issued and outstanding — none

              

Common stock, $.01 par value

    

Authorized — 125,000 shares

    

Issued — 31,451 and 30,962 in 2012 and 2011, respectively

    

Outstanding — 22,293 and 22,747 in 2012 and 2011, respectively

     315        310   

Additional paid-in capital

     389,362        373,591   

Retained earnings

     117,648        104,662   

Treasury stock—9,158 and 8,215 in 2012 and 2011, respectively, at cost

     (210,843     (181,000

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

     588        (6,828
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total stockholders’ equity

     297,070        290,735   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

   $ 487,832      $ 487,578   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

 

     Years Ended December 31,  
     2012     2011      2010  
     (In thousands, except per share data)  

Revenues:

       

Research services

   $ 202,998      $ 191,648       $ 168,508   

Advisory services and other

     89,932        91,968         82,218   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total revenues

     292,930        283,616         250,726   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Operating expenses:

       

Cost of services and fulfillment

     111,228        103,571         94,105   

Selling and marketing

     101,390        101,468         84,663   

General and administrative

     36,866        33,284         33,960   

Depreciation

     8,921        5,359         3,628   

Amortization of intangible assets

     2,445        2,562         3,620   

Reorganization costs

     1,421        375           
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

     262,271        246,619         219,976   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Income from operations

     30,659        36,997         30,750   

Other income, net

     1,300        630         1,249   

Gains (losses) on investments, net

     (449     1,018         2,301   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

     31,510        38,645         34,300   

Income tax provision

     5,936        15,635         13,793   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net income

   $ 25,574      $ 23,010       $ 20,507   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Basic income per common share

   $ 1.14      $ 1.02       $ 0.91   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Diluted income per common share

   $ 1.12      $ 0.99       $ 0.89   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Basic weighted average common shares outstanding

     22,500        22,666         22,478   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding

     22,929        23,164         23,063   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

 

     Years Ended December 31,  
     2012     2011     2010  
     (In thousands)  

Net income

   $ 25,574      $ 23,010      $ 20,507   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes:

      

Cumulative translation adjustments

     7,419        (1,335     (2,682

Changes in market value of investments:

      

Unrealized gain (loss), net of taxes of ($7), ($41) and ($513) for 2012, 2011 and 2010

     14        (9     (837

Less: reclassification adjustment for net gains realized in net income, net of taxes of $12, $8 and $57 for 2012, 2011 and 2010

     (17     (12     (88
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net change in market value of investments

     (3     (21     (925
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other comprehensive income (loss)

     7,416        (1,356     (3,607
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Comprehensive income

   $ 32,990      $ 21,654      $ 16,900   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

    Common Stock     Additional
Paid-in
Capital
    Retained
Earnings
    Treasury Stock     Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
    Total
Stockholders’
Equity
 
    Number of
Shares
    $.01 Par
Value
        Number of
Shares
    Cost      
                            (In thousands)        

Balance, December 31, 2009

    29,362      $ 294      $ 325,207      $ 129,559        7,028      $ (141,250   $ (1,865   $ 311,945   

Issuance of common stock under stock plans, including tax benefit

    1,138        11        27,733                                    27,744   

Stock-based compensation expense

                  4,874                                    4,874   

Purchase of common stock

                                660        (21,345            (21,345

Dividend paid on common shares

                         (68,414                          (68,414

Capital contributed by seller of acquired business

                  203                                    203   

Net income

                         20,507                             20,507   

Unrealized loss on marketable investments, net of tax

                                              (925     (925

Cumulative translation adjustment

                                              (2,682     (2,682
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2010

    30,500        305        358,017        81,652        7,688        (162,595     (5,472     271,907   

Issuance of common stock under stock plans, including tax benefit

    462        5        11,932                                    11,937   

Stock-based compensation expense

                  3,642                                    3,642   

Purchase of common stock

                                527        (18,405            (18,405

Net income

                         23,010                             23,010   

Unrealized loss on marketable investments, net of tax

                                              (21     (21

Cumulative translation adjustment

                                              (1,335     (1,335
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2011

    30,962        310        373,591        104,662        8,215        (181,000     (6,828     290,735   

Issuance of common stock under stock plans, including tax benefit

    489        5        10,374                                    10,379   

Stock-based compensation expense

                  5,397                                    5,397   

Purchase of common stock

                                943        (29,843            (29,843

Dividends paid on common shares

                         (12,588                          (12,588

Net income

                         25,574                             25,574   

Unrealized loss on marketable investments, net of tax

                                              (3     (3

Cumulative translation adjustment

                                              7,419        7,419   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2012

    31,451      $ 315      $ 389,362      $ 117,648        9,158      $ (210,843   $ 588      $ 297,070   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 

     Years Ended December 31,  
     2012     2011     2010  
     (In thousands)  

Cash flows from operating activities:

      

Net income

   $ 25,574      $ 23,010      $ 20,507   

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

      

Depreciation and asset write-offs

     8,921        5,359        3,671   

Amortization of intangible assets

     2,445        2,562        3,620   

Net (gains) losses from investments

     449        (1,018     (2,301

Deferred income taxes

     (10,385     15,137        2,356   

Stock-based compensation

     5,397        3,642        4,874   

Amortization of premium on investments

     2,803        3,321        2,587   

Foreign currency losses

     405        1,290        1,374   

Other non-cash items

                   55   

Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions

      

Accounts receivable

     6,959        (7,594     (7,467

Deferred commissions

     2,607        589        (2,968

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

     6,279        (7,805     (8,220

Accounts payable

     (490     (1,898     1,422   

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

     376        2,485        3,975   

Deferred revenue

     1,807        16,364        15,172   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

     53,147        55,444        38,657   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flows from investing activities:

      

Acquisitions

            (7,531     (1,660

Purchases of property and equipment

     (5,103     (39,776     (13,426

Purchases of marketable investments

     (91,421     (113,909     (116,280

Proceeds from sales and maturities of marketable investments

     91,335        93,090        145,195   

Change in restricted cash

     946        14,542        1,282   

Other investing activity

     167        548        491   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

     (4,076     (53,036     15,602   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flows from financing activities:

      

Dividends paid on common stock

     (12,588            (68,414

Repurchases of common stock

     (29,843     (18,405     (21,345

Proceeds from issuance of common stock under employee equity incentive plans

     11,215        11,554        25,971   

Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation

     345        525        1,949   

Payment of deferred acquisition consideration

     (864              
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash used in financing activities

     (31,735     (6,326     (61,839
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

     427        (1,962     (3,298
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

     17,763        (5,880     (10,878

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year

     81,047        86,927        97,805   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents, end of year

   $ 98,810      $ 81,047      $ 86,927   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

      

Cash paid for income taxes

   $ 7,102      $ 5,929      $ 16,583   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2012

 

(1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

Principles of Consolidation

Forrester Research, Inc. (“Forrester” or “the Company”) is an independent research company that provides pragmatic and forward-thinking advice to global leaders in business and technology. Forrester’s products and services are targeted to specific roles, including senior management in business strategy, marketing, and information technology principally at $1 billion-plus revenue companies who collaborate with Forrester to accelerate achievement of their business goals. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Forrester and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Management Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Forrester considers the more significant of these estimates to be revenue recognition, stock-based compensation, non-marketable investments, goodwill and intangible assets, income taxes, and valuation and impairment of marketable investments. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company has certain financial assets recorded at fair value which have been classified as Level 1, 2 or 3 within the fair value hierarchy as described in the accounting standards for fair value measurements.

Level 1 — Fair value based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — Fair value based on inputs other than Level 1 inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 — Fair value based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and such inputs are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The carrying amounts reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to their short-term maturities.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Investments

Forrester considers all short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities at the time of purchase of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents. The Company’s investments with an auction reset feature and for which the Company does not have the ability to sell within one year from the balance sheet date are classified as long-term investments.

The Company’s investments are composed of securities of U.S. government agencies, municipal notes some of which contain an auction reset feature (“auction rate securities” or “ARS”), corporate notes and bonds, and money market funds. Forrester accounts for all marketable investments as available-for-sale securities and as

 

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FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

such, the marketable investments are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses (not related to credit losses) recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Realized gains and losses on securities are included in earnings and are determined using the specific identification method. The Company conducts periodic reviews to identify and evaluate each investment that has an unrealized loss, in accordance with the meaning of other-than-temporary impairment and its application to certain investments, as required under current accounting standards. An unrealized loss exists when the current fair value of an individual security is less than its amortized cost basis. Unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities that are determined to be temporary, and not related to credit loss, are recorded, net of tax, in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The determination of whether a loss is considered temporary is based in part on whether the Company intends to sell the security or whether the Company would more likely than not be required to sell the security before the expected recovery of the amortized cost basis. During the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, the Company did not record any other-than-temporary impairment charges on its available-for-sale securities.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Forrester has no significant off-balance sheet or concentration of credit risk such as foreign exchange contracts, option contracts, or other foreign hedging arrangements. Financial instruments that potentially subject Forrester to concentrations of credit risk are principally cash, cash equivalents, marketable investments, and accounts receivable. Forrester places its investments in highly rated securities. No single customer accounted for greater than 2% of revenues or accounts receivable in any of the periods presented.

Deferred Commissions

Commissions incurred in acquiring new or renewing existing contracts, which are earned in the month that a contract is booked, are deferred and expensed to operations as the related revenue is recognized. Forrester evaluates the recoverability of deferred commissions at each balance sheet date.

Goodwill

Goodwill is not amortized; however, it is required to be tested for impairment annually. Furthermore, testing for impairment is required on an interim basis if an event or circumstance indicates that it is more likely than not an impairment loss has been incurred. An impairment loss would be recognized to the extent that the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. Absent an event that indicates a specific impairment may exist, the Company has selected November 30 as the date for performing the annual goodwill impairment test. Goodwill impairment charges have not been required for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010.

Impairment of Other Long-Lived Tangible and Intangible Assets

Forrester continually evaluates whether events or circumstances have occurred that indicate that the estimated remaining useful life of long-lived assets and intangible assets may warrant revision or if events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of these assets may be impaired. To compute whether assets have been impaired, the estimated undiscounted future cash flows for the estimated remaining useful life of the assets are compared to the carrying value. To the extent that the future cash flows are less than the carrying value, the assets are written down to the estimated fair value of the asset. Impairment charges have not been required for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010.

Non-Current Liabilities

The Company records certain liabilities that are expected to be settled over a period that exceeds one year as non-current liabilities. The Company also records as a non-current liability the portion of the deferred rent liability that is expected to be recognized over a period greater than one year. Non-current deferred rent liability

 

F-8


Table of Contents

FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

at December 31, 2012 and 2011 was $6.9 million and $6.7 million, respectively, and primarily results from the difference between cash payments and the straight-line recognition of rent expense under the Company’s facility leases.

Foreign Currency

The functional currency of the majority of Forrester’s wholly-owned subsidiaries is their respective local currency. These subsidiary financial statements are translated to U.S. dollars using period-end exchange rates for assets and liabilities and average exchange rates during the corresponding period for revenues and expenses, with translation gains and losses accumulated as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Gains and losses related to the remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than an entity’s functional currency are included in other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Income. For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, Forrester recorded $0.4 million, $1.3 million and $1.4 million of foreign exchange losses, respectively, in other income, net.

In addition, Forrester’s German holding companies, for which the functional currency was the U.S. dollar, recognized $0.1 million, $0.1 million and $0.4 million of remeasurement gains on its deferred tax liability in income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Effective July 7, 2012 the Company’s German holding companies were merged with the Company’s German operating company creating one German entity for which the functional currency is the Euro.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 are as follows (in thousands):

 

     2012     2011  

Net unrealized loss on marketable investments, net of taxes

   $ (1,024   $ (1,021

Cumulative translation adjustment

     1,612        (5,807
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

   $ 588      $ (6,828
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Revenue Recognition

Effective January 1, 2011 the Company adopted Update No. 2009-13, “Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements — a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force” (ASU 2009-13) for contracts entered into or materially modified after that date. ASU 2009-13 updates the previous multiple-element revenue arrangements guidance. The revised guidance primarily provides three significant changes: 1) it eliminates the need for objective and reliable evidence of the fair value of the undelivered element in order for a delivered item to be treated as a separate unit of accounting; 2) it eliminates the residual method to allocate the arrangement consideration; and 3) it modifies the fair value requirements of EITF Issue 00-21 by providing “best estimate of selling price” in addition to vendor specific objective evidence and vendor objective evidence for determining the selling price of a deliverable. In addition, the guidance also expands the disclosure requirements for revenue recognition. The adoption of ASU 2009-13 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Forrester generates revenues from licensing research (including our data products), performing advisory services and consulting projects and hosting events. Forrester executes contracts that govern the terms and conditions of each arrangement. Revenues are recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the fee is fixed or determinable, services have been provided to the customer, and collectability is reasonably assured. Revenue contracts may include either a single product or service or a combination of multiple products

 

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Table of Contents

FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

and services. Revenues from contracts that contain multiple products and services are allocated among the separate units of accounting based on their relative selling prices; however, the amount recognized is limited to the amount that is not contingent on future performance conditions. The Company obtains the selling prices of its products and services based on an analysis of standalone sales of these products and services during the year. Research service revenues are recognized ratably over the term of the contract. Advisory service revenues, such as workshops, speeches and advisory days, are recognized when the customer receives the agreed upon deliverable and consulting project revenues, which are short-term in nature and based upon fixed-fee agreements, are recognized as the services are provided. Reimbursed out-of-pocket expenses are recorded as advisory services revenue. Event revenues are recognized upon completion of the event.

Annual subscriptions to our RoleView research include access to all or a designated portion of our research, and depending on the type of license, membership in one or more of our Forrester leadership boards, unlimited phone or email analyst inquiry, unlimited participation in Forrester Webinars, and the right to attend one event. Contracts for RoleView research entered into prior to the adoption of ASU 2009-13 on January 1, 2011 are accounted for as one unit of accounting and recognized ratably as research services revenue over the membership period. Contracts for RoleView research entered into or significantly modified after January 1, 2011 are accounted for as two units of accounting: 1) the event ticket and 2) the remaining research services that are delivered throughout the contract period, based on the new guidance that permits alternative methods of determining selling price as it relates to the components that we do not sell on a standalone basis, such as research services in this case. Arrangement consideration is allocated to each of these elements based upon their relative selling prices, which is based on standalone sales of event tickets and the estimated selling price of the remaining research services. Annual subscriptions to our data products include access to designated survey data products and access to a data specialist, which are delivered throughout the year, and are accounted for as one unit of accounting and recognized ratably as research services revenue over the membership period. For all contracts entered into through January 2013, clients were offered a service guarantee, which gives them the right to cancel their contracts prior to the end of the contract term and receive a refund for unused products or services. As of February 1, 2013 the Company discontinued its policy of offering all clients a service guarantee.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company recognizes the fair value of stock-based compensation expense over the requisite service period of the individual grantee, which generally equals the vesting period. Cash flows resulting from the tax benefits of tax deductions in excess of the compensation expense recognized for stock-based awards are classified as financing cash flows. The Company is required to estimate future forfeitures of stock-based awards for recognition of compensation expense. The Company will record additional expense if the actual forfeitures are lower than estimated and will record a recovery of prior recognized expense if the actual forfeitures are higher than estimated. The actual expense recognized over the vesting period will only be for those awards that vest. In addition, for performance-vested restricted stock units, the Company makes estimates of the performance outcome at each period end in order to estimate the actual number of shares that will be earned. The actual expense recognized over the vesting period will only be for those awards that vest. Stock-based compensation expense was recorded in the following expense categories (in thousands):

 

     Years Ended December 31,  
     2012      2011      2010  

Cost of services and fulfillment

   $ 3,085       $ 1,644       $ 2,094   

Selling and marketing

     894         751         943   

General and administrative

     1,418         1,247         1,837   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 5,397       $ 3,642       $ 4,874   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

The options granted under the equity incentive plans and shares subject to the employee stock purchase plan were valued utilizing the Black Scholes model using the following assumptions and had the following fair values:

 

    Years Ended December 31,  
    2012     2011     2010  
    Equity Incentive
Plans
    Employee Stock
Purchase Plan
    Equity Incentive
Plans
    Employee Stock
Purchase Plan
    Equity Incentive
Plans
    Employee Stock
Purchase Plan
 

Average risk-free interest rate

    0.85     0.14     1.25     0.13     1.93     0.17

Expected dividend yield

    1.7     1.7     None        None        None        None   

Expected life

    4.5 Years        0.5 Years        3.5 Years        0.5 Years        3.6 Years        0.5 Years   

Expected volatility

    40     31     40     28     40     25

Weighted average fair value

  $ 9.64      $ 6.90      $ 10.47      $ 7.55      $ 9.67      $ 6.38   

The dividend yield of zero for periods prior to 2012 is based on the fact that Forrester had never paid cash dividends until the board of directors approved a special dividend of $3.00 per common share in the fourth quarter of 2010. The dividend yield in 2012 is based on the initiation of a regular quarterly dividend program approved by the board of directors in February 2012. Expected volatility is based, in part, on the historical volatility of Forrester’s common stock as well as management’s expectations of future volatility over the expected term of the awards granted. The risk-free interest rate used is based on the U.S. Treasury Constant Maturity rate with an equivalent remaining term. Where the expected term of a stock-based award does not correspond with a term for which the interest rates are quoted, Forrester uses the rate with the maturity closest to the award’s expected term. The expected term calculation is based upon Forrester’s historical experience of exercise patterns. The unamortized fair value of stock-based awards as of December 31, 2012 was $9.0 million, with a weighted average remaining recognition period of 1.9 years.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Forrester maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make contractually obligated payments. When evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts, the Company makes judgments regarding the collectability of accounts receivable by specifically analyzing historical bad debts, customer concentrations, current economic trends, and changes in the customer payment terms. If the financial condition of the Company’s customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required and if the financial condition of the Company’s customers were to improve, the allowances may be reduced accordingly.

Depreciation and Amortization

Forrester provides for depreciation and amortization of property and equipment, computed using the straight-line method, over estimated useful lives of assets as follows:

 

    

Estimated

   Useful Life

Computers and equipment

   3 to 10 Years

Computer software

   3 to 5 Years

Furniture and fixtures

   7 Years

Leasehold improvements

   Shorter of asset life or lease term

 

F-11


Table of Contents

FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

Forrester provides for amortization of intangible assets, computed using an accelerated method according to the expected cash flows to be received from the underlying assets, over the respective lives as follows:

 

    

Estimated
Useful Life

Customer relationships

   5 to 11 Years

Research content

   1 to 2 Years

Technology

   7 Years

Trademarks

   1 Year

Backlog

   1 Year

Income Taxes

Forrester recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities as well as operating loss carryforwards.

Forrester’s provision for income taxes is composed of a current and a deferred provision for federal, state and foreign jurisdictions. The current provision is calculated as the estimated taxes payable or refundable on tax returns for the current year. The deferred income tax provision is calculated as the net change during the year in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Valuation allowances are provided if based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.

Forrester accounts for uncertain tax positions using a “more-likely-than-not” threshold for recognizing and resolving uncertain tax positions. The evaluation of uncertain tax positions is based on factors including, but not limited to, changes in tax law, the measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in tax returns, the effective settlement of matters subject to audit, new audit activity, and changes in facts or circumstances related to a tax position. The Company evaluates these tax positions on a quarterly basis. The Company also accrues for potential interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.

Net Income Per Common Share

Basic net income per common share is computed by dividing net income by the basic weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per common share is computed by dividing net income by the diluted weighted average number of common shares and common equivalent shares outstanding during the period. The weighted average number of common equivalent shares outstanding has been determined in accordance with the treasury-stock method. Common stock equivalents consist of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options and restricted stock units.

Basic and diluted weighted average common shares are as follows (in thousands):

 

     Years Ended December 31,  
     2012      2011      2010  

Basic weighted average common shares outstanding

     22,500         22,666         22,478   

Weighted average common equivalent shares

     429         498         585   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding

     22,929         23,164         23,063   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-12


Table of Contents

FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, options to purchase approximately 0.8 million, 0.3 million and 0.4 million shares, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the diluted weighted average common share calculation as the effect would have been anti-dilutive.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In July 2012, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU No. 2012-02, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment (ASU 2012-02). This newly issued accounting standard allows an entity the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative impairment test for indefinite-lived intangibles other than goodwill. Under that option, an entity would no longer be required to calculate the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset unless the entity determines, based on that qualitative assessment, that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying amount. This ASU is effective for annual and interim indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2012. Early adoption is permitted. As the Company does not have any indefinite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2012 other than goodwill, the adoption of this standard on January 1, 2013 will not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated results.

 

(2) Acquisitions

Springboard Research

On May 12, 2011, Forrester acquired Springboard Research (“Springboard”), a provider of research and advisory services focused on Asia Pacific and emerging markets. Springboard was a former division of Knowledge Platform, Inc. The acquisition of the Springboard business further supports Forrester’s role-based strategy and expands Forrester’s coverage in the Asia Pacific region. The total purchase price was approximately $9.0 million, of which approximately $6.7 million was paid on the acquisition date and $2.3 million (the “Holdback”) is payable at various times through June 1, 2013, subject to possible reduction to satisfy indemnification claims. Of the $2.3 million Holdback, up to $0.9 million was contingent on the retention of certain employees for a period of time and on the extension of a certain lease. As of May 2012 the two referenced contingency provisions had elapsed with the full amount payable to Knowledge Platform. As of December 31, 2012, $1.4 million of the Holdback had been paid by the Company and $0.9 million of the Holdback remains in accrued expenses in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The results of Springboard Research, which were not material to the consolidated financial statements, have been included in Forrester’s consolidated financial statements since May 12, 2011 in the Business Technology segment. Pro forma financial information has not been provided as it is not material to the consolidated results of operations.

 

F-13


Table of Contents

FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

A summary of the purchase price allocation for Springboard is as follows (in thousands):

\

Assets:

  

Cash

   $ 85   

Accounts receivable

     561   

Other current assets

     285   

Goodwill

     3,695   

Intangible assets

     4,815   
  

 

 

 

Total assets

     9,441   
  

 

 

 

Liabilities:

  

Accrued expenses

     160   

Deferred revenue

     312   
  

 

 

 

Total liabilities

     472   
  

 

 

 

Net assets acquired

   $ 8,969   
  

 

 

 

Approximately $2.1 million of the goodwill is deductible for tax purposes. The Company believes the goodwill reflects its expectations of synergistic revenue opportunities from the acquisition and the value of the acquired workforce.

Intangible assets are amortized according to the expected cash flows to be received. The following are the identifiable intangible assets acquired and their respective weighted average lives (dollars in thousands):

 

     Assigned
Value
     Useful
Life
(in years)
 

Customer relationships

   $ 3,605         7.5   

Research content

     1,080         1.5   

Backlog

     130         1.0   
  

 

 

    
   $ 4,815      
  

 

 

    

 

F-14


Table of Contents

FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

(3) Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

A summary of the goodwill by segment and the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the Business Technology (“BT”), Marketing and Strategy (“M&S”), and Events segments is shown in the following table (in thousands). In the second quarter of 2012 the Company modified its management structure by consolidating its former Technology Industry (“TI”) client group into its two remaining client groups: BT and M&S. The goodwill previously allocated to the TI segment was reassigned to the BT and M&S segments based on the relative fair value of the elements transferred from TI to each of BT and M&S.

 

     BT     TI     M&S     Events     Total  

Balance, December 31, 2010

   $ 22,208      $ 24,653      $ 19,191      $ 1,906      $ 67,958   

Acquisition

            3,695                      3,695   

Translation adjustments

     (36     (40     (31     (3     (110
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2011

     22,172        28,308        19,160        1,903        71,543   

Reassignment

     17,237        (28,308     11,071                 

Translation adjustments

     4,082               3,131        198        7,411   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2012

   $ 43,491      $      $ 33,362      $ 2,101      $ 78,954   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2012, the Company had no accumulated goodwill impairment losses.

A summary of Forrester’s intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

 

     December 31, 2012  
     Gross
Carrying
Amount
     Accumulated
Amortization
     Net
Carrying
Amount
 

Amortizable intangible assets:

        

Customer relationships

   $ 33,759       $ 26,644       $ 7,115   

Research content

     7,043         7,043           

Technology

     1,507         702         805   

Trademarks

     876         876           
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 43,185       $ 35,265       $ 7,920   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     December 31, 2011  
     Gross
Carrying
Amount
     Accumulated
Amortization
     Net
Carrying
Amount
 

Amortizable intangible assets:

        

Customer relationships

   $ 33,379       $ 24,925       $ 8,454   

Research content

     6,929         6,209         720   

Technology

     1,507         442         1,065   

Trademarks

     876         876           

Other

     328         250         78   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 43,019       $ 32,702       $ 10,317   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-15


Table of Contents

FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

Amortization expense related to intangible assets was approximately $2.4 million, $2.6 million and $3.6 million during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Estimated amortization expense related to intangible assets that will continue to be amortized is as follows (in thousands):

 

Year ending December 31, 2013

   $ 2,228   

Year ending December 31, 2014

     2,133   

Year ending December 31, 2015

     1,002   

Year ending December 31, 2016

     906   

Year ending December 31, 2017

     857   

Thereafter

     794   
  

 

 

 

Total

   $ 7,920   
  

 

 

 

 

(4) Marketable Investments

The following table summarizes the Company’s marketable investments (in thousands):

 

     Amortized
Cost
     Gross
Unrealized
Gains
     Gross
Unrealized
Losses
    Market
Value
 

December 31, 2012

          

Available-for-sale securities

          

State and municipal obligations

   $ 18,859       $ 27       $ (14   $ 18,872   

Federal agency and corporate obligations

     115,653         380         (29     116,004   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total short-term available-for-sale securities

     134,512         407         (43     134,876   

ARS, long-term

     11,000                 (2,030     8,970   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total available-for-sale securities

   $ 145,512       $ 407       $ (2,073   $ 143,846   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 
     Amortized
Cost
     Gross
Unrealized
Gains
     Gross
Unrealized
Losses
    Market
Value
 

December 31, 2011

          

Available-for-sale securities

          

State and municipal obligations

   $ 9,485       $ 9       $ (12   $ 9,482   

Federal agency and corporate obligations

     127,717         127         (335     127,509   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total short-term available-for-sale securities

     137,202         136         (347     136,991   

ARS, long-term

     11,000                 (1,435     9,565   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total available-for-sale securities

   $ 148,202       $ 136       $ (1,782   $ 146,556   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-16


Table of Contents

FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

The following table summarizes the maturity periods of the marketable securities in the Company’s portfolio as of December 31, 2012. In February 2008, certain ARS that Forrester held experienced failed auctions that limited the liquidity of these securities. These auction failures have continued throughout 2012 and based on current market conditions, it is likely that auction failures will continue. The following table reflects the ARS at their contractual maturity dates of between 2024 and 2034 (in thousands).

 

    FY 2013     FY2014     FY2015     Thereafter     Total  

Federal agency and corporate obligations

  $ 50,403      $ 44,727      $ 20,874      $      $ 116,004   

State and municipal obligations

    6,421        10,326        2,125               18,872   

ARS

                         8,970        8,970   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total short and long-term

  $ 56,824      $ 55,053      $ 22,999      $ 8,970      $ 143,846   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and market value of Forrester’s available-for-sale securities with unrealized losses that are not deemed to be other-than-temporary, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position (in thousands):

 

     As of December 31, 2012  
     Less Than 12 Months      12 Months or Greater  
     Market
Value
     Unrealized
Losses
     Market
Value
     Unrealized
Losses
 

State and municipal bonds

   $ 9,430       $ 14       $       $   

Federal agency and corporate obligations

     17,716         29                   

ARS

                     8,970         2,030   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 27,146       $ 43       $ 8,970       $ 2,030   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     As of December 31, 2011  
     Less Than 12 Months      12 Months or Greater  
     Market
Value
     Unrealized
Losses
     Market
Value
     Unrealized
Losses
 

State and municipal bonds

   $ 2,763       $ 9       $ 1,107       $ 3   

Federal agency and corporate obligations

     68,962         313         2,043         22   

ARS

                     9,565         1,435   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 71,725       $ 322       $ 12,715       $ 1,460   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The Company holds ARS with a fair value of $9.0 million and a par value of $11.0 million at December 31, 2012. These ARS will continue to be held as available-for-sale and are classified as a long-term asset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Company intends to retain its investment in these ARS until the earlier of an anticipated recovery in market value or maturity and as a result has not recorded an other-than-temporary loss on these ARS.

Realized gains or losses on sales of the Company’s federal obligations, state and municipal bonds and corporate bonds were not significant for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 or 2010.

 

F-17


Table of Contents

FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

The following table represents the Company’s fair value hierarchy for its financial assets (cash equivalents and marketable investments) measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

 

     As of December 31, 2012  
     Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  

Money market funds (1)

   $ 815       $       $       $ 815   

State and municipal obligations

             18,872                 18,872   

Federal agency and corporate obligations (2)

             148,117                 148,117   

ARS

                     8,970         8,970   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 815       $ 166,989       $ 8,970       $ 176,774   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     As of December 31, 2011  
     Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  

Money market funds (1)

   $ 5,786       $       $       $ 5,786   

State and municipal obligations

             9,482                 9,482   

Federal agency and corporate obligations (2)

             128,509                 128,509   

ARS

                     9,565         9,565   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 5,786       $ 137,991       $ 9,565       $ 153,342   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) Included in cash and cash equivalents.
(2) $32.1 million and $1.0 million included in cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, as original maturities at the time of purchase were 90 days or less.

Level 2 assets consist of the Company’s entire portfolio of federal, state, municipal and corporate bonds, excluding those municipal bonds described below with an auction reset feature. Level 2 assets have been initially valued at the transaction price and subsequently valued, at the end of each reporting period, typically utilizing third party pricing services or other market observable data. The pricing services utilize industry standard valuation methods, including both income and market based approaches and observable market inputs to determine value. These observable market inputs include reportable trades, benchmark yields, credit spreads, broker/dealer quotes, bids, offers, current spot rates and other industry and economic events.

Level 3 assets at December 31, 2012 and 2011 consist entirely of municipal bonds with an auction reset feature (ARS). Prior to 2008, the fair value of the ARS investments approximated par value due to the frequent resets through the auction process. While the Company continues to receive interest income on its ARS investments at each interest reset date (which occurs at either seven or 35 day intervals for each security), these investments trade infrequently and therefore do not have a readily determinable market value. Interest rates on the securities ranged from 0.1% to 0.5% and 0.1% to 0.6% during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The Company values the ARS using a discounted cash flow model that includes unobservable inputs including estimates of interest rates, discount rates and expected holding periods of the securities, which is considered a Level 3 valuation. Unobservable inputs included in the valuation as of December 31, 2012 include a weighted average interest rate of 0.9%, a weighted average discount rate of 3.9%, and a weighted average holding period of 8.7 years. The valuation resulted in an unrealized loss recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Balance Sheets of $2.0 million at December 31, 2012 and $1.4 million at December 31, 2011. The Company believes that the loss is temporary due to the strong underlying credit rating of the securities and the fact that the Company does not intend to sell the securities and is not likely to be required to sell the securities. The assumptions used in valuing the ARS are volatile and subject to change as the underlying sources of these assumptions and market conditions change. Significant increases or decreases in any of the valuation assumptions in isolation would result in a significant change in the fair value.

 

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Table of Contents

FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

The following table provides a summary of changes in fair value of the Company’s Level 3 financial assets for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 (in thousands):

 

     ARS  

Balance at December 31, 2010

   $ 9,117   

Sales

       

Gains included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

     448   
  

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2011

     9,565   

Sales

       

Losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

     (595
  

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2012

   $ 8,970   
  

 

 

 

 

(5) Non-Marketable Investments

At December 31, 2012 and 2011, the carrying value of the Company’s non-marketable investments, which were composed primarily of interests in technology-related private equity funds, were $6.9 million and $7.9 million, respectively, and are included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

One of the Company’s investments, with a book value of $1.2 million and $1.5 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, is being accounted for using the cost method and, accordingly, is valued at cost unless an other-than-temporary impairment in its value occurs. The other investments are being accounted for using the equity method as the investments are limited partnerships and the Company has an ownership interest in excess of 5% and, accordingly, the Company records its share of the investee’s operating results each period. During the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, the Company recorded gains (losses) from its non-marketable investments of approximately $(0.4) million, $1.0 million and $2.3 million, respectively, which are included in gains (losses) on investments, net in the Consolidated Statements of Income. During the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, gross distributions of $0.5 million, $0.5 million and $0.5 million, respectively, were received from the funds. During 2012 and 2013, the Company identified errors related to the amount of income previously recorded for investments under the equity-method. Income related to equity method investments was understated by approximately $0.4 million in 2007, $0.2 million in 2008 and, based on revisions received by the Company in 2012 and 2013 to the information that was originally provided to the Company for the year ended December 31, 2011, was overstated by approximately $1.4 million in 2011. Management has concluded that these errors are immaterial to all prior period financial statements and recorded a correction of these errors as a $0.6 million and $0.2 million reduction in equity method income in the three months ended September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2012, respectively.

In June 2010, the Company extended the expiration date of a cash bonus plan, originally adopted in 2000, that would pay a bonus, after the return of invested capital from certain of the Company’s non-marketable investments, to certain key employees. To date, no bonuses have been paid under the plan and no amounts are accrued as of December 31, 2012 as payments under the plan were not considered probable. The plan will now automatically expire on June 30, 2013, subject to earlier expiration as provided in the plan in the event that prior to such date there are less than 10 participants in the plan or all of the Company’s invested capital (as defined in the plan) has been returned to the Company.

 

F-19


Table of Contents

FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

(6) Income Taxes

Income before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 consists of the following (in thousands):

 

     2012      2011      2010  

Domestic

   $ 23,480       $ 35,371       $ 33,964   

Foreign

     8,030         3,274         336   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 31,510       $ 38,645       $ 34,300   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The components of the income tax provision for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 are as follows (in thousands):

 

     2012     2011     2010  

Current:

      

Federal

   $ 11,945      $ (1,083   $ 8,722   

State

     3,038        738        1,571   

Foreign

     1,338        843        1,144   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current

     16,321        498        11,437   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Deferred:

      

Federal

     (4,449     13,485        2,301   

State

     (736     1,186        1,025   

Foreign

     (5,200     466        (970
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total deferred

     (10,385     15,137        2,356   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income tax provision

   $ 5,936      $ 15,635      $ 13,793   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

A reconciliation of the federal statutory rate to Forrester’s effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 is as follows:

 

     2012     2011     2010  

Income tax provision at federal statutory rate

     35.0     35.0     35.0

Increase (decrease) in tax resulting from:

      

State tax provision, net of federal benefit

     4.9        3.1        5.0   

Non-deductible expenses

     0.4        1.6        2.2   

Tax-exempt interest income

     (0.5     (0.4     (1.3

Stock option compensation deduction

     0.7        0.6        0.2   

Change in valuation allowance

     (0.8     1.1        (3.4

Exchange rate gain

     (0.3     (0.5     (1.1

Foreign tax rate differential

     (2.8     (1.0       

Benefit upon audit settlement

     (19.6              

Other, net

     1.8        1.0        3.6   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Effective tax rate

     18.8     40.5     40.2
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-20


Table of Contents

FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

The components of deferred income taxes as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 are as follows (in thousands):

 

     2012     2011  

Non-deductible reserves and accruals

   $ 4,105      $ 3,125   

Stock compensation

     4,948        5,146   

Net operating loss and other carryforwards

     9,816        7,526   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross deferred tax asset

     18,869        15,797   

Less—valuation allowance

     (2,086     (3,077
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Sub-total

     16,783        12,720   

Depreciation and amortization

     (5,018     (7,996

Goodwill amortization

     (4,381     (5,518

Other liabilities

     (2,872     (3,347

Deferred commissions

     (3,743     (4,775
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net deferred tax asset (liability)

   $ 769      $ (8,916
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Current net deferred tax assets and long-term net deferred tax assets were $0.1 and $1.4 million as of December 31, 2012 and $0 and $0.1 million as of December 31, 2011, and are included in prepaid and other current assets and other assets, respectively, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Current net deferred tax liabilities and long-term net deferred tax liabilities were $0.4 million and $0.3 million as of December 31, 2012 and $0.4 and $8.6 million as of December 31, 2011, and are included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and non-current liabilities, respectively, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company considers all available evidence, both positive and negative, to determine whether, based on the weight of that evidence, a valuation allowance is needed for some portion or all of a net deferred income tax asset. Judgment is required in considering the relative impact of negative and positive evidence. In arriving at these judgments, the weight given to the potential effect of negative and positive evidence is commensurate with the extent to which it can be objectively verified. Although realization is not assured, based upon the Company’s historical taxable income and projections of the Company’s future taxable income over the periods during which the deferred tax assets are deductible and the carryforwards expire, management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will realize the benefits of these deductible differences, net of the existing valuation allowances, as discussed below.

As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company maintained a valuation allowance of approximately $2.1 million and $3.1 million, respectively, primarily relating to foreign net operating loss carryforwards from an acquisition and U.S. capital losses.

As of December 31, 2012, the Company had federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $10.0 million obtained from acquired businesses. These carryforwards are limited pursuant to section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code due to changes in ownership as a result of the acquisitions. If unused, these carryforwards would expire on various dates from 2019 through 2028.

The Company also has foreign net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $19.8 million, which can be carried forward indefinitely. Approximately $5.7 million of the foreign net operating loss carryforwards relate to a prior acquisition, the utilization of which is subject to limitation under the tax law of the United Kingdom. In the third quarter of 2012 the Company settled a tax audit at its German subsidiary resulting in the recognition of $5.5 million in deferred tax assets relating to net operating losses and intangible assets at this subsidiary. During

 

F-21


Table of Contents

FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

2010 the Company had determined that the ability of the Company to benefit from the net operating losses at its German subsidiary did not meet the more likely than not standard. Accordingly, the previously recorded deferred tax asset and corresponding valuation allowance for the German net operating loss were removed from the components of deferred taxes with no effect to the Company’s overall tax provision for 2010.

As of December 31, 2012, the Company had U.S. federal and state capital loss carryforwards of $1.9 million, of which $1.1 million expires in 2014, and $0.8 million expires in 2016.

The following table provides a summary of the changes in the deferred tax valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 (in thousands):

 

     2012     2011     2010  

Deferred tax valuation allowance at January 1

   $ 3,077      $ 2,676      $ 11,672   

Additions

     11        508        440   

Deductions

     (1,066     (85     (9,405

Translation adjustments

     64        (22     (31
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Deferred tax valuation allowance at December 31

   $ 2,086      $ 3,077      $ 2,676   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

During the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, the Company recognized approximately ($0.3) million, $0.5 million and $1.8 million, respectively, of net tax benefits (deficiencies) from tax deductions in excess of (or less than) book deductions resulting from employee stock option exercises. The net tax benefits (deficiencies) were recorded as an increase (decrease) to additional paid-in-capital. Excess tax benefits from share-based payments are recognized in the year that the deduction reduces the amount of cash payable for taxes.

Undistributed earnings of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries amounted to approximately $5.2 million as of December 31, 2012. The Company has not provided any additional federal or state income taxes or foreign withholding taxes on the undistributed earnings as such earnings have been indefinitely reinvested in the business. Due to the various methods by which such earnings could be repatriated in the future, the amount of taxes attributable to the undistributed earnings is not practicably determinable.

The Company utilizes a two-step process for the measurement of uncertain tax positions that have been taken or are expected to be taken on a tax return. The first step is a determination of whether the tax position should be recognized in the financial statements. The second step determines the measurement of the tax position. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is summarized as follows for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 (in thousands):

 

     2012     2011     2010  

Unrecognized tax benefits at January 1

   $ 1,269      $ 1,222      $ 919   

Additions for tax positions of prior years

     112        107        410   

Reductions for tax positions of prior years

     (37              

Additions for tax positions of current year

     1,271        17        77   

Settlements

     (582              

Lapse of statute of limitations

     (360     (77     (184

Translation adjustments

     (2              
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Unrecognized tax benefits at December 31

   $ 1,671      $ 1,269      $ 1,222   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-22


Table of Contents

FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

As of December 31, 2012, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits totaled approximately $1.7 million, all of which if recognized, would decrease our effective tax rate in a future period. It is not expected that a significant amount of unrecognized tax benefits would be recognized within the next 12 months.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense and such amounts were not material in the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010. At December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company had approximately $0.1 million and $0.2 million of accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions, respectively.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. and in foreign jurisdictions. Generally, the Company is no longer subject to U.S., state, local and foreign income tax examinations by tax authorities in its major jurisdictions for years before 2005, except to the extent of net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards from those years. Major taxing jurisdictions include the U.S., the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Germany and Switzerland.

 

(7) Commitments

As of December 31, 2012, Forrester had future contractual obligations as follows for operating leases (in thousands):

 

2013

   $ 11,023   

2014

     10,158   

2015

     9,600   

2016

     9,104   

2017

     8,727   

Thereafter

     67,798   
  

 

 

 

Total minimum lease payments

   $ 116,410   
  

 

 

 

Aggregate rent expenses, net of sublease income, were approximately $14.4 million, $15.3 million and $10.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively.

 

(8) Stockholders’ Equity

Preferred Stock

Forrester has authorized 500,000 shares of $.01 par value preferred stock. The Board of Directors has full authority to issue this stock and to fix the voting powers, preferences, rights, qualifications, limitations, or restrictions thereof, including dividend rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges and liquidation preferences and the number of shares constituting any series or designation of such series.

Treasury Stock

Through December 31, 2012, Forrester’s Board of Directors has authorized an aggregate $310.0 million, including $50.0 million approved in October 2012 and $60.0 million approved in October 2010, to purchase common stock under the stock repurchase program. The shares repurchased may be used, among other things, in connection with Forrester’s equity incentive and purchase plans. As of December 31, 2012, Forrester had repurchased approximately 9.2 million shares of common stock at an aggregate cost of $210.8 million.

 

F-23


Table of Contents

FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

Dividends

During the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company declared and paid four quarterly dividends of $0.14 per share each quarter, amounting to $0.56 per share or $12.6 million for the year. In December 2010 the Company paid a special cash dividend of $68.4 million, which represented a payment of $3.00 per share to common stockholders.

Equity Plans

Forrester maintains the following four equity incentive plans: the Amended and Restated 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2006 Plan”), the Amended and Restated 1996 Equity Incentive Plan (the “1996 Plan”), the 2006 Stock Option Plan for Directors’, as amended (the “2006 Directors’ Plan”) and the 1996 Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors (the “1996 Directors’ Plan”). Upon approval of the 2006 Plan and the 2006 Directors’ Plan by stockholders, no future awards under the 1996 Plan and 1996 Directors Plan could be granted or issued. In addition, upon approval of an amendment to the 2006 Plan by stockholders in 2012, no future awards under the 2006 Directors’ Plan could be granted or issued.

The 2006 Plan provides for the issuance of stock-based awards, including incentive stock options (“ISOs”), non-qualified stock options (“NSOs”), and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to purchase up to 4,350,000 shares authorized in the 2006 Plan plus up to 2,500,000 shares returned from the 1996 Plan and 80,000 shares returned from the 2006 Directors’ Plan. Under the terms of the 2006 Plan, ISOs may not be granted at less than fair market value on the date of grant (and in no event less than par value). Options generally vest annually over two to four years and expire after 10 years and RSUs generally vest over three to four years, in each case sometimes subject to performance conditions in addition to the passage of time. Options and RSUs granted under the 2006 Plan immediately vest upon certain events, as described in the 2006 Plan. As of December 31, 2012, approximately 2.5 million shares were available for future grant of awards under the 2006 Plan.

The 1996 Plan provided for the issuance of stock-based awards, including ISOs and NSOs, to purchase up to 13,500,000 shares of common stock. Under the terms of the 1996 Plan, ISOs were not granted at less than fair market value on the date of grant (and in no event less than par value). ISO grants to holders of 10% of the combined voting power of all classes of Forrester stock were required to be granted at an exercise price not less than 110% of the fair market value at the date of grant. Options generally vested ratably over two to four years and expire after 10 years and were sometimes subject to performance conditions in addition to the passage of time. At December 31, 2012, approximately 0.1 million options remain outstanding and are fully vested under the 1996 Plan.

The 2006 Directors’ Plan provided for the issuance of options to purchase up to 450,000 shares of common stock. Prior to the 2012 annual stockholders meeting, each non-employee director was entitled to receive an option to purchase 6,000 shares of common stock, at an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the common stock upon his or her election as a director. These options vest in four equal annual installments, with the first installment vested on the date of grant. In addition, prior to the 2010 annual stockholder meeting, each non-employee director was entitled to receive an option to purchase 12,500 shares of common stock, at an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the common stock on the grant date, each year immediately following Forrester’s annual stockholders’ meeting, and commencing with the 2010 annual stockholders meeting, non-employee directors were entitled to receive an option to purchase 12,000 shares immediately following the meeting. These options vest in four equal installments on the first, second, third, and fourth anniversaries of the date of grant. Options granted under the 2006 Directors’ Plan immediately vest upon certain events, as described in the 2006 Directors’ Plan. As of December 31, 2012, approximately 0.3 million options remain outstanding under the 2006 Directors Plan.

 

F-24


Table of Contents

FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

Options issued under the 1996 Directors’ Plan were granted at an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the common stock at the time of grant, each year immediately following Forrester’s annual stockholders’ meeting. These options vested in four equal installments on the first, second, third, and fourth anniversaries of the date of grant. At December 31, 2012, approximately 0.1 million options remain outstanding and are fully vested under the 1996 Directors Plan.

Stock Options

Stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2012 is presented below (in thousands, except per share data and contractual term):

 

     Number of
Shares
    Weighted -
Average
Exercise
Price Per
Share
     Weighted -
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (in
years)
     Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
 

Outstanding at December 31, 2011

     2,130      $ 27.46         

Granted

     422        33.25         

Exercised

     (435     24.47         

Forfeited

     (181     31.44         
  

 

 

         

Outstanding at December 31, 2012

     1,936      $ 29.03         6.37       $ 2,319   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2012

     1,859      $ 28.86         6.27       $ 2,316   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Exercisable at December 31, 2012

     1,096      $ 26.48         4.73       $ 2,151   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The total intrinsic value of options exercised during 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $3.5 million, $4.1 million and $11.6 million, respectively.

On April 1, 2008, the Company issued to its employees options to purchase 370,000 shares of common stock. These options were subject to performance criteria and would vest only if certain operating profit targets related to full year 2008 performance were achieved. The vesting of these options was over 24, 36 or 48 months, or the options could be forfeited, depending on the actual operating profit achieved for 2008. During 2008, operating performance was expected to result in the options vesting over 48 months and expense was recognized assuming that vesting period. The actual operating profit targets for 2008 resulted in accelerated vesting of the options over 24 months and the compensation expense associated with the accelerated vesting was recognized on a prospective basis through the remainder of the vesting period. The expense related to these options was recognized on a graded basis.

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock units (“RSUs”) represent the right to receive one share of Forrester common stock when the restrictions lapse and the vesting conditions are met, and are valued on the date of grant based upon the value of the Company’s stock on the date of grant. Shares of Forrester’s common stock will be delivered to the grantee upon vesting, subject to a reduction of shares for payment of withholding taxes. The weighted average grant date fair value for RSUs granted in 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $33.88, $33.15 and $29.77, respectively. The value of RSUs vested and converted to common stock, based on the value of Forrester’s common stock on the date of vesting, was $1.6 million and $0.4 million during 2012 and 2011, respectively. No RSUs vested during 2010.

 

F-25


Table of Contents

FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

In 2009, the Company issued to its employees 95,496 performance-based RSUs. The vesting of the RSUs was subject to performance criteria and would vest at 100% or 40% on April 1, 2012, or the RSUs could be forfeited, depending on whether specified revenue growth and certain operating margin targets related to full year 2011 performance were achieved. Based on 2011 financial performance, 40% of the then outstanding RSUs vested on April 1, 2012. Compensation expense in 2010 and 2009 was recognized based on an estimate of 100% vesting of the RSUs and in 2011 the Company modified it assessment of vesting to the 40% level.

In 2010, the Company issued to its employees approximately 63,000 performance-based RSUs. The vesting of the RSUs was subject to performance criteria and would vest at 100% or 40% on April 1, 2013, or the RSUs could be forfeited, depending on whether specified revenue growth and certain operating margin targets related to full year 2012 performance were achieved. Based on 2012 financial performance the RSUs will be forfeited as of April 1, 2013. Compensation expense in 2010 was recognized based on an estimate of 100% vesting of the RSUs and in 2011 the Company modified its assessment of vesting to a zero percent level.

In 2011, the Company issued to its employees approximately 71,000 performance-based RSUs. The vesting of the RSUs is subject to performance criteria and will vest at 100% or 40% on April 1, 2014, or the RSUs could be forfeited, depending on whether specified revenue growth and certain operating margin targets related to full year 2013 performance are achieved. Compensation expense was not recognized in 2012 and 2011 based on an estimate of zero percent vesting of the RSUs.

RSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2012 is presented below (in thousands, except per share data):

 

     Number of
Shares
    Weighted-
Average
Grant
Date Fair
Value
 

Unvested at December 31, 2011

     267      $ 29.93   

Granted

     179        33.88   

Vested or settled

     (49     27.60   

Forfeited

     (96     28.90   
  

 

 

   

Unvested at December 31, 2012

     301      $ 32.98   
  

 

 

   

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Amended and Restated Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “Stock Purchase Plan”) provides for the issuance of up to 1.5 million shares of common stock and as of December 31, 2012 approximately 0.4 million shares remain available for issuance. With certain limited exceptions, all employees of Forrester whose customary employment is more than 20 hours per week, including officers and directors who are employees, are eligible to participate in the Stock Purchase Plan. Purchase periods under the Stock Purchase Plan are generally six months in length and commence on each successive March 1 and September 1. Stock purchased under the Stock Purchase Plan is required to be held for one-year before it is able to be sold. During each purchase period the maximum number of shares of common stock that may be purchased by an employee is limited to the number of shares equal to $12,500 divided by the fair market value of a share of common stock on the first day of the purchase period. An employee may elect to have up to 10% deducted from his or her compensation for the purpose of purchasing shares under the Stock Purchase Plan. The price at which the employee’s shares are purchased is the lower of: a) 85% of the closing price of the common stock on the day that the purchase period commences, or b) 85% of the closing price of the common stock on the day that the purchase period terminates.

 

F-26


Table of Contents

FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

Prior to 2012 purchase periods commenced on each successive January 1 and July 1. Shares purchased by employees under the Stock Purchase Plan are as follows (in thousands, except per share data):

 

     Shares      Purchase  

Purchase Period Ended

   Purchased      Price  

August 31, 2012

     23       $ 24.88   

June 30, 2011

     51       $ 28.02   

December 31, 2011

     50       $ 28.08   

June 30, 2010

     45       $ 22.67   

December 31, 2010

     44       $ 26.44   

 

(9) Employee Pension Plans

Forrester sponsors several defined contribution plans for eligible employees. Generally, the defined contribution plans have funding provisions which, in certain situations, require contributions based upon formulas relating to employee wages or the level of elective participant contributions, as well as allow for additional discretionary contributions. Further, certain plans contain vesting provisions. Forrester’s contributions to these plans totaled approximately $3.2 million, $3.0 million and $2.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

 

(10) Reorganization

In the first quarter of 2012 the Company realigned its sales force to simplify the selling process to its customers and to increase the productivity of the sales organization. The Company incurred approximately $0.4 million of severance costs in the fourth quarter of 2011 for three sales employees located outside of the U.S. based on statutory termination benefits in their country of employment and the fact that termination was considered probable at December 31, 2011. The Company incurred an additional $1.4 million of severance and related costs in 2012 for the termination of 17 additional employees related to the sales reorganization and other cost reduction initiatives.

During the fourth quarter of 2009 the Company incurred $2.3 million of costs related to facility consolidations, consisting of approximately $1.4 million for future lease payments through September 2011 and $0.9 million for the write-off of leasehold improvements.

The activity related to the reorganization accrual during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 is as follows (in thousands):

 

     Workforce
Reduction
    Facility
Consolidation
    Total  

Accrual at December 31, 2010

   $      $ 446      $ 446   

Additions

     375               375   

Cash payments

            (446     (446
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accrual at December 31, 2011

     375               375   

Additions

     1,421               1,421   

Cash payments

     (1,782            (1,782
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accrual at December 31, 2012

   $ 14      $      $ 14   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-27


Table of Contents

FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

(11)    Operating Segment and Enterprise Wide Reporting

Forrester is organized into two client groups with each client group responsible for writing relevant research for the roles within the client organization on a worldwide basis. The two client groups, which are considered operating segments, are: Business Technology (“BT”) and Marketing and Strategy (“M&S”). In addition, the Company’s Events segment supports both client groups. Each client group generates revenues through sales of research, advisory and other service offerings targeted at specific roles within their targeted clients. Each client group consists of research personnel focused primarily on issues relevant to particular roles and to the day-to-day responsibilities of persons within the roles. Amounts included in the Events segment relate to the operations of the events production department. Revenue reported in the Events segment consists primarily of sponsorships and event tickets to Forrester events.

Forrester evaluates reportable segment performance and allocates resources based on direct margin. Direct margin, as presented below, is defined as operating income excluding sales expenses, certain marketing and fulfillment expenses, stock-based compensation expense, general and administrative expenses, depreciation expense, amortization of intangible assets and reorganization costs. In the second quarter of 2012 the Company modified its management structure by consolidating its former Technology Industry client group segment into its two remaining client groups: BT and M&S. In addition, in the first quarter of 2012, the Company modified its calculation of segment direct margin to exclude certain marketing costs and Springboard Research integration costs and to include certain business development costs. Accordingly, the 2011 and 2010 amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. The accounting policies used by the segments are the same as those used in the consolidated financial statements.

Forrester does not identify or allocate assets, including capital expenditures, by operating segment. Accordingly, assets are not being reported by segment because the information is not available by segment and is not reviewed in the evaluation of performance or making decisions in the allocation of resources.

The following tables present information about reportable segments (in thousands).

 

     BT      M&S      Events      Consolidated  

Year ended December 31, 2012

           

Revenue

   $ 159,216       $ 120,885       $ 12,829       $ 292,930   

Direct margin

     105,288         82,225         3,941         191,454   

Selling, marketing, administrative and other expenses

              (156,929

Amortization of intangible assets

              (2,445

Reorganization costs

              (1,421

Other income and gains/losses on investments

              851   
           

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

            $ 31,510   
           

 

 

 
     BT      M&S      Events      Consolidated  

Year ended December 31, 2011

           

Revenue

   $ 154,777       $ 115,666       $ 13,173       $ 283,616   

Direct margin

     103,616         77,510         5,765         186,891   

Selling, marketing, administrative and other expenses

              (146,957

Amortization of intangible assets

              (2,562

Reorganization costs

              (375

Other income and gains/losses on investments

              1,648   
           

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

            $ 38,645   
           

 

 

 

 

F-28


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FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

     BT      M&S      Events      Consolidated  

Year ended December 31, 2010

           

Revenue

   $ 143,992       $ 95,534       $ 11,200       $ 250,726   

Direct margin

     97,699         63,002         4,753         165,454   

Selling, marketing, administrative and other expenses

              (131,084

Amortization of intangible assets

              (3,620

Other income and gains/losses on investments

              3,550   
           

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

            $ 34,300   
           

 

 

 

Net long-lived tangible assets by location as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 are as follows (in thousands):

 

     2012      2011  

United States

   $ 41,928       $ 46,928   

United Kingdom

     2,626         2,997   

Europe (excluding United Kingdom)

     313         521   

Other

     1,263         2   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 46,130       $ 50,448   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net revenues by geographic destination and as a percentage of total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010 are as follows (in thousands):

 

     2012      2011      2010  

United States

   $ 211,110       $ 198,456       $ 180,065   

Europe (excluding United Kingdom)

     33,146         37,205         31,188   

United Kingdom

     16,555         17,870         15,285   

Canada

     16,742         16,056         13,724   

Other

     15,377         14,029         10,464   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 292,930       $ 283,616       $ 250,726   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     2012     2011     2010  

United States

     72     70     72

Europe (excluding United Kingdom)

     11     13     12

United Kingdom

     6     6     6

Canada

     6     6     6

Other

     5     5     4
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     100     100     100
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-29


Table of Contents

FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

(12)    Certain Balance Sheet Accounts

Property and Equipment:

Property and equipment as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 is recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and consists of the following (in thousands):

 

     2012      2011  

Computers and equipment

   $ 17,614       $ 19,965   

Computer software

     22,242         19,685   

Furniture and fixtures

     8,561         8,566   

Leasehold improvements

     25,640         26,279   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total property and equipment

     74,057         74,495   

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization

     27,757         24,047   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 46,300       $ 50,448   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities:

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 consist of the following (in thousands):

 

     2012      2011  

Payroll and related benefits

   $ 16,293       $ 16,166   

Taxes

     3,714         4,742   

Other

     10,071         9,245   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 30,078       $ 30,153   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-current Liabilities

Non-current liabilities as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 consist of the following (in thousands):

 

     2012      2011  

Deferred tax liability

   $ 361       $ 8,646   

Deferred rent

     6,936         6,671   

Other

     2,136         2,263   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 9,433       $ 17,580   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts:

A roll-forward of the allowance for doubtful accounts as of and for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010 is as follows (in thousands):

 

     2012     2011     2010  

Balance, beginning of year

   $ 326      $ 407      $ 406   

Provision for doubtful accounts

     708        233        212   

Write-offs

     (630     (314     (211
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance, end of year

   $ 404      $ 326      $ 407   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-30


Table of Contents

FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

(13)    Summary Selected Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited)

The following is a summary of selected unaudited consolidated quarterly financial data for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 (in thousands, except per share data):

 

     Three Months Ended  
     March 31,
2012
     June 30,
2012
     September 30,
2012
     December 31,
2012
 

Total revenues

   $ 70,260       $ 79,093       $ 68,511       $ 75,066   

Income from operations

   $ 4,628       $ 11,461       $ 7,177       $ 7,393   

Net income

   $ 3,181       $ 7,769       $ 10,373       $ 4,251   

Basic income per common share

   $ 0.14       $ 0.34       $ 0.46       $ 0.19   

Diluted income per common share

   $ 0.14       $ 0.34       $ 0.45       $ 0.19   

The Company recognized a $5.5 million deferred income tax benefit during the three months ended September 30, 2012 resulting from the settlement of a tax audit at the Company’s German subsidiary. During the three months ended September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2012, the Company recorded $0.6 million ($0.4 million after tax) and $0.2 million ($0.1 million after tax), respectively, of investment losses that relate to prior year periods.

 

     Three Months Ended  
     March 31,
2011
     June 30,
2011
     September 30,
2011
     December 31,
2011
 

Total revenues

   $ 65,742       $ 73,450       $ 69,774       $ 74,650   

Income from operations

   $ 4,198       $ 9,616       $ 9,749       $ 13,434   

Net income

   $ 2,911       $ 5,470       $ 5,732       $ 8,897   

Basic income per common share

   $ 0.13       $ 0.24       $ 0.25       $ 0.39   

Diluted income per common share

   $ 0.13       $ 0.24       $ 0.25       $ 0.38   

The Company recognized a credit to expense of $0.8 million and $1.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2011, respectively, resulting from changes in estimates for the amount of performance-based restricted stock units that would vest.

 

(14) Subsequent Event

In February 2013 the Company announced a reduction of approximately 30 jobs or 2.5% of its workforce worldwide to streamline its operations. The Company anticipates incurring approximately $1.5 million to $1.8 million of severance and related benefit costs in the first quarter of 2013 related to the reduction.

 

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Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

Not applicable.

 

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on the evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2012 because of the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting described below.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: 1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; 2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and 3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, a system of internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance and may not prevent or detect material misstatements. Further, because of changes in conditions, effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting may vary over time.

Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012. In making its assessment, management used the criteria set forth in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (“COSO”) of the Treadway Commission.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

Based on its assessment, management identified the following control deficiency as of December 31, 2012 that constituted a material weakness:

We did not maintain effective controls over revenue related to our advisory services and consulting projects. Specifically, we did not design and operate effective controls to evidence that our advisory services and consulting projects were monitored for services performed in support of the revenue recognized. Although the deficiency did not result in the identification of a material misstatement during 2012, this deficiency could have resulted in a misstatement to the Company’s annual or interim consolidated financial statements that would be material and would not be prevented or detected. Accordingly, management has determined that the deficiency described above constitutes a material weakness and that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2012.

Plans for Remediation of Material Weakness

Our management has taken immediate action to begin remediating the material weakness identified. While certain remedial actions have been completed, we continue to actively plan for and implement additional control

 

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procedures. These remedial efforts, outlined below, are intended to address the identified material weakness and to enhance our overall control environment.

 

  1. Consulting Project Scoping: During the scoping phase of each project, we will ensure that evidence is maintained of the review and approval of the allocation of the project revenue to the services to be delivered to the client.

 

  2. Advisory Services and Consulting Project Performance: Beginning in March 2013, our project managers will more closely monitor the performance of each advisory service and consulting project and will maintain evidence of their review and approval of the services performed.

 

  3. Training: We will ensure that we conduct proper training so that the remedial actions identified above are understood and followed.

The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which appears on page F-1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting in the quarter ended December 31, 2012 that has materially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

 

Item 9B. Other Information

On March 14, 2013, the Board amended the Company’s by-laws effective March 18, 2013. Sections 1.10 and 1.11 were amended to (i) change the period during which a stockholder must give advance notice to the Secretary of the Company in order to nominate an individual for election as a director of the Company or propose other business to be presented at the annual meeting to not less than 90 nor more than 120 days prior to the anniversary date of the preceding annual meeting and (ii) specify additional information that must be included by the stockholder in such advance notice. The by-laws were also amended to include additional provisions with respect to conduct of stockholders meetings and non-substantive conforming changes. This description of the Company’s Amended and Restated By-laws does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Amended and Restated By-laws which are attached as Exhibit 3.3 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

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Table of Contents

PART III

 

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Executive Officers

The following table sets forth information about our executive officers as of March 1, 2013.

 

Name

  

Age

    

Position

George F. Colony

     59       Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer

Ellen Daley

     46       Managing Director, Business Technology Client Group

Michael A. Doyle

     57       Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

Gail S. Mann, Esq.

     61       Chief Legal Officer and Secretary

Michael Morhardt

     49       Chief Sales Officer

Steven Peltzman

     44       Chief Business Technology Officer

Thomas Pohlmann

     46       Chief Marketing and Strategy Officer

Dennis van Lingen

     48       Managing Director, Marketing & Strategy Client Group; Chief EMEA (Europe, Middle East, and Africa) Officer

George F. Colony, Forrester’s founder, has served as Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer since the Company’s inception in July 1983, and as President since September 2001 and from 1983-2000.

Ellen Daley became Managing Director of our Business Technology Client Group in April 2012. Previously she was Managing Director of our Technology Industry Client Group since November 2011 and a Practice Leader from January 2010 to November 2011. Ms. Daley joined Forrester in 2005 as a Principal Analyst. Before joining Forrester, Ms. Daley was Vice President and on the executive team at ArcStream Solutions, a wireless consulting and systems integration firm. Prior to that, she was at Deloitte Consulting for four years.

Michael A. Doyle began serving as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer in September 2007. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Doyle was Chief Financial Officer of Easylink Services Corporation, a publicly traded telecommunications messaging provider, since 2004. Prior to joining Easylink, Mr. Doyle was the Chief Financial Officer for North America of Dun & Bradstreet Corporation from 2002 to 2004, and from 1997 to 2002, he held various senior financial and marketing positions with Cendant Corporation.

Gail S. Mann, Esq. became Forrester’s Chief Legal Officer and Secretary in February 2004. Ms. Mann previously was of counsel to the law firm of Morse, Barnes-Brown & Pendleton, P.C. from 2002 until joining Forrester. Prior to 2002 Ms. Mann was Vice President and Associate General Counsel of Harcourt General, Inc., a global multimedia publishing company, and its affiliate, The Neiman Marcus Group, a high-end specialty retailer, from 1999-2001, and Vice President and Assistant General Counsel of Digital Equipment Corporation from 1994 to 1998.

Michael Morhardt became Chief Sales Officer in November 2012. From 2010 until joining our Company, he was Managing Director-Sales at Gerson Lehman Group, and previously he served in various sales leadership roles at Gartner, Inc., most recently as Vice President responsible for Americas Field Sales.

Steven Peltzman joined Forrester as its Chief Business Technology Officer in September 2011. From 2001 to 2011, Mr. Peltzman was the Chief Information Officer of the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. Prior to that, Mr. Peltzman served as the chief technology officer at MarketMedical.com and as the vice president of technology at Earthweb and was an officer in the United States Air Force.

Thomas Pohlmann became Forrester’s Chief Marketing and Strategy Officer in April 2012. Previously he served as Managing Director of our Business Technology Client Group (formerly the Information Technology Client Group) from December 2010 to April 2012. During 2010, Mr. Pohlmann served as Vice President in charge of researching and designing business requirements for a new client-facing website for the Company, and previously was Vice President of IT Research from 2007 to 2009, and a Research Director from 2004 to 2006. Mr. Pohlmann joined Forrester in 2000.

 

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Table of Contents

Dennis van Lingen became Managing Director of our Marketing and Strategy Client Group in January 2007. Mr. Van Lingen also serves as Forrester’s Chief Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) Officer. He was formerly President of EMEA from May 2006 to December 2006 and Vice President of Marketing for the Americas from January 2004 to May 2006. Mr. Van Lingen joined Forrester in 2000 as Director of Marketing for Europe. Before joining Forrester, Mr. Van Lingen worked as a senior manager in the marketing and public relations divisions of Nissan Europe for 10 years.

Our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics covers all employees, officers and directors, including our principal executive, financial and accounting officers. A copy of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics can be found on our web site, www.forrester.com.

We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirements under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K regarding an amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of the Company’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, that relates to a substantive amendment or material departure from a provision of the Code, by posting such information on our Internet website at www.forrester.com . We also intend to satisfy the disclosure requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market regarding waivers of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics by posting such information on our Internet website at www.forrester.com.

The remainder of the response to this item is contained in our Proxy Statement for our 2013 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “2013 Proxy Statement”) under the captions “Election of Directors” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance”, all of which is incorporated herein by reference.

 

Item 11. Executive Compensation

The response to this item is contained in the 2013 Proxy Statement under the captions “Directors’ Compensation” and “Executive Compensation” and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The response to this item is contained in the 2013 Proxy Statement under the caption “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and is incorporated herein by reference.

The following table summarizes, as of December 31, 2012, the number of options issued under our equity incentive plans and the number of shares available for future issuance under these plans:

 

Plan Category

   (a)
Number of Securities to
be Issued Upon
Exercise
of Outstanding Options,
Warrants and Rights
    (b)
Weighted Average Exercise
Price of Outstanding options,
Warrants and Rights
     (c)
Number
of Securities Remaining
Available for Future Issuance
Under Equity Compensation
Plans (Excluding Securities
Reflected in Column (a)(1)
 

Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders

     2,237,142 (1)    $ 29.03         2,826,959 (2) 

Equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders

     N/A        N/A         N/A   
  

 

 

      

 

 

 

Total

     2,237,142      $ 29.03         2,826,959   
  

 

 

      

 

 

 

 

(1) Includes 301,033 restricted stock units that are not included in the calculation of the weighted average exercise price.

 

(2) Includes, as of December 31, 2012, 2,456,572 shares available for issuance under our Amended and Restated 2006 Equity Incentive Plan and 370,387 shares that are available for issuance under our Amended and Restated Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

The shares available under our Amended and Restated 2006 Equity Incentive Plan are available to be awarded as restricted or unrestricted stock or stock units.

 

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Table of Contents
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The response to this item is contained in the Company’s 2013 Proxy Statement under the captions “Information with Respect to Board of Directors”, “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions”, and “Related Person Transactions” and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The response to this item is contained in the Company’s 2013 Proxy Statement under the caption “Independent Auditors’ Fees and Other Matters” and is incorporated herein by reference.

PART IV

 

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

aFinancial Statements. See Index on page 30.

bFinancial Statement Schedules. None.

cExhibits.    A complete listing of exhibits required is given in the Exhibit Index that precedes the exhibits filed with this report on page 36 hereof.

 

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Table of Contents

EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit No.

 

Description

2.1(1)   Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of January 20, 2003 between Forrester Research, Inc., Whitcomb Acquisition Corp. and Giga Information Group, Inc.
3.1(2)   Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Forrester Research, Inc.
3.2(3)   Certificate of Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation of Forrester Research, Inc.
3.3(15)   Amended and Restated By-Laws of Forrester Research, Inc.
4(2)   Specimen Certificate for Shares of Common Stock, $.01 par value, of Forrester Research, Inc.
10.1+(16)   Registration Rights and Non-Competition Agreement
10.2+(5)   1996 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan, as amended
10.3+(24)   Amended and Restated Employee Stock Purchase Plan
10.4+(6)   1996 Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors
10.5+(26)   Amended and Restated 2006 Equity Incentive Plan
10.6+(19)   Stock Option Plan for Directors, as amended
10.7+(8)   Form of Stock Option Certificate (1996 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan)
10.8+(9)   Form of Performance-Based Option Certificate (1996 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan)
10.9+(10)   Form of Director’s Option Certificate (1996 Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors)
10.10+(11)   Form of Incentive Stock Option Certificate (2006 Equity Incentive Plan)
10.11+(11)   Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Certificate (2006 Equity Incentive Plan)
10.12+(12)   Form of Performance-Based Option Certificate (2006 Equity Incentive Plan)
10.13+(17)   Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (2006 Equity Incentive Plan)
10.14+(12)   Form of Director’s Option Certificate (2006 Stock Option Plan for Directors)
10.15(15)   Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (Amended and Restated 2006 Equity Incentive Plan)
10.16+(13)  

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Directors (Amended and Restated 2006 Equity Incentive Plan)

10.17+(18)   Executive Cash Incentive Plan
10.18+(12)   Employment Offer Letter from Company to Michael A. Doyle dated July 24, 2007
10.19(14)   Employment Agreement between Forrester Research B.V. and Dennis Van Lingen dated as of June 20, 2000, and Addendum thereto dated May 21, 2001
10.20+(22)   Employee Retention Plan
10.21+(23)   Amendment to Employee Retention Plan
10.22+(15)   Separation Agreement between the Company and Charles Rutstein effective November 24, 2012.
10.23+(25)   Separation Agreement between the Company and Greg Nelson effective September 13, 2012.
10.24(20)   Lease of Premises at Cambridge Discovery Park, Cambridge, Massachusetts dated as of September 29, 2009 from BHX, LLC, as Trustee of Acorn Park I Realty Trust to the Company

 

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Table of Contents

Exhibit No.

 

Description

10.25(21)   First Amendment of Lease dated as of December 21, 2009 by 200 Discovery Park, LLC, successor to BHX, LLC, as Trustee of Acorn Park I Realty Trust, and the Company
10.26(20)   Agreement Regarding Project Rights dated as of September 29, 2009, by BHX, LLC, a Massachusetts limited liability company, as Trustee of Acorn Park I Realty Trust, a Massachusetts nominee trust, and the Company
10.27(24)   Second Amendment of Lease dated as of February 8, 2012 by 200 Discovery Park, LLC and the Company
21(15)   Subsidiaries of the Registrant
23.1(15)   Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
31.1(15)   Certification of the Principal Executive Officer
31.2(15)   Certification of the Principal Financial Officer
32.1(15)   Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2(15)   Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS*   XBRL Instance Document. (furnished herewith)
101.SCH*   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema. (furnished herewith)
101.CAL*   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase. (furnished herewith)
101.LAB*   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase. (furnished herewith)
101.PRE*   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase. (furnished herewith)
101.DEF*   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase. (furnished herewith)

 

+ Denotes management contract or compensation arrangements.

 

* Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, these interactive date files shall not be deemed to be “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to liability under that section, and shall not be incorporated by reference into any registration statement or other document filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, except as expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.

 

(1) Filed as an Exhibit to Forrester’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 22, 2003 (File No. 000-21433) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

(2) Filed as an Exhibit to Forrester’s Registration Statement on Form S-1A filed on November 5, 1996 (File No. 333-12761) and incorporated by reference herein.

 

(3) Filed as an Exhibit to Forrester’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999 (File No. 000-21433) and incorporated by reference herein.

 

(4) Filed as an Exhibit to Forrester’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 4, 2010 (File No. 000-21433) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

(5) Filed as an Exhibit to Forrester’s Annual Report on 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004 (File No. 000-21433) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

(6) Filed as an Exhibit to Forrester’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2002 (File No. 000-21433) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

(7) Filed as an Exhibit to Forrester’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference.

 

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Table of Contents
(8) Filed as an Exhibit to Forrester’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2004 (File No. 000-21433) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

(9) Filed as an Exhibit to Forrester’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2005 (File No. 000-21433) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

(10) Filed as an Exhibit to Forrester’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2005 (File No. 000-21433) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

(11) Filed as an Exhibit to Forrester’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2006 (File No. 000-21433) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

(12) Filed as an Exhibit to Forrester’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006 (File No. 000-21433) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

(13) Filed as an Exhibit to Forrester’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2012 (File No. 000-21433) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

(14) Filed as an Exhibit to Forrester’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2008 (File No. 000-21433) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

(15) Filed herewith.

 

(16) Filed as an Exhibit to Forrester’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on September 26, 1996 (File No. 333-12761) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

(17) Filed as an Exhibit to Forrester’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2009 (File No. 000-21433) and incorporated herein by reference.
(18) Filed as an Exhibit to Forrester’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 17, 2010 (File No. 000-21433) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

(19) Filed as an Exhibit to Forrester’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2010 (File No 000-21433) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

(20) Filed as an Exhibit to Forrester’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2009 (File No. 000-21433) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

(21) Filed as an Exhibit to Forrester’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009 (File No. 000-21433) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

(22) Filed as an Exhibit to Forrester’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 (File No. 000-21433) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

(23) Filed as an Exhibit to Forrester’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2010 (File No. 000-21433) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

(24) Filed as an Exhibit to Forrester’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 (File No. 000-21433) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

(25) Filed as an Exhibit to Forrester’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2012 (File No. 000-21433) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

(26) Filed as an Exhibit to Forrester’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed March 26, 2012 (File No. 000-21433) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

By:

 

/s/    GEORGE F. COLONY

  George F. Colony
  Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

Date: March 18, 2013

Pursuant to the requirement of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature

  

Capacity In Which Signed

 

Date

/s/    GEORGE F. COLONY

George F. Colony

  

Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

  March 18, 2013

/S/    MICHAEL A. DOYLE

Michael A. Doyle

  

Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

  March 18, 2013

/S/    SCOTT R. CHOUINARD

Scott R. Chouinard

  

Chief Accounting Officer

(Principal Accounting Officer)

  March 18, 2013

/S/    HENK W. BROEDERS

Henk W. Broeders

  

Member of the Board of Directors

  March 18, 2013

/S/    ROBERT M. GALFORD

Robert M. Galford

  

Member of the Board of Directors

  March 18, 2013

/S/    GEORGE R. HORNIG

George R. Hornig

  

Member of the Board of Directors

  March 18, 2013

/S/    GRETCHEN TEICHGRAEBER

Gretchen Teichgraeber

  

Member of the Board of Directors

  March 18, 2013

/S/    MICHAEL H. WELLES

Michael H. Welles

  

Member of the Board of Directors

  March 18, 2013

 

39

EX-3.3

Exhibit 3.3

AMENDED AND RESTATED

BY-LAWS

OF

FORRESTER RESEARCH, INC.

March 18, 2013

ARTICLE 1 — STOCKHOLDERS

1.1 Place of Meetings. All meetings of stockholders shall be held at such place, if any, within or without the State of Delaware as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors or the President or, if not so designated, at the registered office of the corporation.

1.2 Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of stockholders for the election of directors and for the transaction of such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting shall be held at 10:00 a.m. on the second Tuesday in May each year (unless that day be a legal holiday in the place, if any, where the meeting is to be held in which case the meeting shall be held at the same hour on the next succeeding day not a legal holiday) or at such other date and time as shall be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors or the President and stated in the notice of the meeting.

1.3 Special Meeting. Special meetings of stockholders may be called at any time only by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer (or, if there is no Chief Executive Officer, the President) or the Board of Directors. Business transacted at any special meeting of stockholders shall be limited to matters relating to the purpose or purposes stated in the notice of meeting.

1.4 Notice of Meetings. Except as otherwise provided by law, written notice of each meeting of stockholders, whether annual or special, shall be given not less than 10 nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting. The notices of all meetings shall state the place, if any, date and hour of the meeting, and the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present and vote at such meeting. The notice of a special meeting shall state, in addition, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called.

1.5 Voting List. The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the corporation shall prepare, at least 10 days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least 10 days prior to the meeting, at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place, if any, of the meeting during the whole time of the meeting, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. The stock ledger of the corporation shall be the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the stock ledger, the list required by this Section 1.5 or the books of the corporation, or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of the stockholders.

1.6 Quorum. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, the holders of a majority of the shares of the capital stock of the corporation issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at the meeting, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. A quorum, once established, shall not be broken by the withdrawal of enough votes to leave less than a quorum.

1.7 Adjournments. Any meeting of stockholders may be adjourned to any other time and to any other place, if any, at which a meeting of stockholders may be held under these By-Laws, either by the stockholders present or represented at the meeting and entitled to vote, although less than a quorum, or, if no stockholder is present, by any officer entitled to preside at or to act as Secretary of such meeting. It shall not be necessary to notify any stockholder of any adjournment of less than 30 days if the time and place, if any, of the adjourned meeting and the means of remote communication, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present and vote at such adjourned meeting are announced at the meeting at which adjournment is taken, unless after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting. At the adjourned meeting, the corporation may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting.


1.8 Voting and Proxies. Each stockholder shall have one vote for each share of stock entitled to vote held of record by such stockholder and a proportionate vote for each fractional share so held, unless otherwise provided by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws. Each stockholder of record entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders may vote or express such consent or dissent in person or may authorize another person or persons to vote or act for him by proxy authorized by an instrument in writing or by a transmission permitted by applicable law. No such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three years from the date of its execution, unless the proxy expressly provides for a longer period.

1.9 Action at Meeting. When a quorum is present at any meeting, the holders of a majority of the stock present or represented and voting on a matter (or if there are two or more classes of stock entitled to vote as separate classes, then in the case of each such class, the holders of a majority of the stock of that class present or represented and voting on a matter) shall decide any matter to be voted upon by the stockholders at such meeting, except when a different vote is required by express provision of law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws. Any election of a director by stockholders shall be determined by a plurality of the votes cast by the stockholders entitled to vote at the election.

1.10 Nomination of Directors. Only persons who are nominated in accordance with the following procedures shall be eligible for election as directors of the corporation. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the corporation may be made at any annual meeting of stockholders, or at any special meeting of stockholders called for the purpose of electing directors, (i) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof) or (ii) by any stockholder of the corporation (1) who is a stockholder of record on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section 1.10 and on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at such annual meeting or special meeting and (2) who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 1.10.

In addition to any other applicable requirements, for a nomination to be made by a stockholder, such stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the Secretary of the corporation.

To be timely, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary must be delivered to or be mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the corporation (a) in the case of an annual meeting, not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders of the corporation; provided, however, that in the event that the annual meeting is called for a date that is not within 30 days before or after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder in order to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the day on which notice of the date of the annual meeting was mailed or public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting was made, whichever occurs first; and (b) in the case of a special meeting of stockholders of the corporation called for the purpose of electing directors, not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the date on which notice of the date of the special meeting was mailed or public disclosure of the date of the special meeting was made, whichever occurs first. In no event shall the adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting or a special meeting called for the purpose of electing directors, or the public announcement of such an adjournment or postponement, commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.

To be in proper written form, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary must set forth the following information: (a) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election as a director (i) the name, age, business address and home address of such person, (ii) the principal occupation or employment of such person, (iii) (A) the class or series and number of all shares of stock of the corporation which are owned beneficially or of record by such person and any affiliates or associates of such person, (B) the name of each nominee holder of shares of all stock of the corporation owned beneficially but not of record by such person or any affiliates or associates of such person, and the number of such shares of stock of the corporation held by each such nominee holder, (C) whether and the extent to which any derivative instrument, swap, option, warrant, short interest, hedge or profit interest or other transaction has been entered into by or on behalf of such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, with respect to stock of the corporation and (D) whether and the extent to which any other transaction, agreement, arrangement or understanding (including any short position or any borrowing or lending of shares of stock of the

 

2


corporation) has been made by or on behalf of such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, the effect or intent of any of the foregoing being to mitigate loss to, or to manage risk or benefit of stock price changes for, such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, or to increase or decrease the voting power or pecuniary or economic interest of such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, with respect to stock of the corporation; and (iv) any other information relating to such person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors pursuant to Section 14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the rules and regulations thereunder; and (b) as to the stockholder giving the notice, and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is being made, (i) the name and record address of the stockholder giving the notice and the name and principal place of business of such beneficial owner; (ii) (A) the class or series and number of all shares of stock of the corporation which are owned beneficially or of record by such person and any affiliates or associates of such person, (B) the name of each nominee holder of the corporation owned beneficially but not of record by such person or any affiliates or associates of such person, and the number of shares of stock of the corporation held by each such nominee holder, (C) whether and the extent to which any derivative instrument, swap, option, warrant, short interest, hedge or profit interest or other transaction has been entered into by or on behalf of such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, with respect to stock of the corporation and (D) whether and the extent to which any other transaction, agreement, arrangement or understanding (including any short position or any borrowing or lending of shares of stock of the corporation) has been made by or on behalf of such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, the effect or intent of any of the foregoing being to mitigate loss to, or to manage risk or benefit of stock price changes for, such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, or to increase or decrease the voting power or pecuniary or economic interest of such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, with respect to stock of the corporation; (iii) a description of all agreements, arrangements or understandings (whether written or oral) between such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, and any proposed nominee or any other person or persons (including their names) pursuant to which the nomination(s) are being made by such person, and any material interest of such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, in such nomination, including any anticipated benefit therefrom to such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person; (iv) a representation that the stockholder giving notice intends to appear in person or by proxy at the annual meeting or special meeting to nominate the persons named in its notice; and (v) any other information relating to such person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with the solicitation of proxies for election of directors pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Such notice must be accompanied by a written consent of each proposed nominee to being named as a nominee and to serve as a director if elected.

A stockholder providing notice of any nomination proposed to be made at an annual meeting or special meeting shall further update and supplement such notice, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section 1.10 shall be true and correct as of the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to receive notice of the annual meeting or special meeting, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to or be mailed and received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation not later than five business days after the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to receive notice of such annual meeting or special meeting.

No person shall be eligible for election as a director of the corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 1.10. If the chairman of the meeting determines that a nomination was not made in accordance with the foregoing procedures, the chairman shall declare to the meeting that the nomination was defective and such defective nomination shall be disregarded.

The corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information as may reasonably be required by the corporation to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as a director of the corporation.

1.11 Notice of Business at Annual Meetings. At an annual meeting of the stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. To be properly brought before an annual meeting, business must be (i) specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, (ii) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, (iii) otherwise properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder of the corporation who (i) is a stockholder of record on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section 1.11 and on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at such annual meeting and (ii) who complies

 

3


with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 1.11. In addition to any other applicable requirements, for business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, if such business relates to the election of directors of the corporation, the procedures in Section 1.10 must be complied with. If such business relates to any other matter, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the corporation not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the anniversary of the immediately preceding annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event the annual meeting is called for a date that is not within 30 days before or after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder in order to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the date on which notice of the date of the meeting was mailed or public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting was made, whichever occurs first. In no event shall the adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting, or the public announcement of such an adjournment or postponement, commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.

A stockholder’s notice to the Secretary shall set forth (a) as to each matter the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting, a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting; (b) as to the stockholder giving notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made, (i) the name and address of such person, (ii) the class and number of all shares of the corporation which are owned beneficially or of record by such person and any affiliates or associates of such person, (iii) the name of each nominee holder of shares of all stock of the corporation owned beneficially but not of record by such person and any affiliates or associates of such person and the number of shares of stock of the corporation held by each such nominee holder, (iv) whether and the extent to which any derivative instrument, swap, option, warrant, short interest, hedge or profit interest or other transaction has been entered into by or on behalf of such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, with respect to stock of the corporation and (v) whether and the extent to which any other transaction, agreement, arrangement or understanding (including any short position or any borrowing or lending of shares of stock of the corporation) has been made by or on behalf of such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, the effect or intent of any of the foregoing being to mitigate loss to, or to manage risk or benefit of stock price changes for, such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, or to increase or decrease the voting power or pecuniary or economic interest of such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, with respect to stock of the corporation; (c) a description of all agreements, arrangements or understandings (whether written or oral) between or among such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, and any other person or persons (including their names) in connection with the proposal of such business and any material interest of such person or any affiliates or associates of such person, in such business, including any anticipated benefit therefrom to such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person; (d) a representation that the stockholder giving notice intends to appear in person or by proxy at the annual meeting to bring such business before the meeting; and (e) any other information relating to such person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with the solicitation of proxies by such person with respect to the proposed business to be brought by such person before the annual meeting pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder.

A stockholder providing notice of business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting shall further update and supplement such notice, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section 1.11 shall be true and correct as of the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to receive notice of the annual meeting, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to or be mailed and received by the Secretary of the corporation at the principal executive offices of the corporation not later than five (5) business days after the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to receive notice of the annual meeting.

Notwithstanding anything in these By-Laws to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at any annual meeting except in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 1.11 and except that any stockholder proposal which complies with Rule 14a-8 of the proxy rules (or any successor provision) promulgated under the Exchange Act, and which is to be included in the corporation’s proxy statement for an annual meeting of stockholders, shall be deemed to comply with the requirements of this Section 1.11.

The chairman of the meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that business was not properly brought before the meeting in accordance with the provisions of this Section 1.11, and if he should so determine, the chairman shall so declare to the meeting and any such business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted.

 

4


1.12 Action without Meeting. At any time during which a class of capital stock of the corporation is registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act, stockholders may not take any action by written consent in lieu of a meeting.

1.13 Organization. The Chairman of the Board, or in his absence the Vice Chairman of the Board designated by the Chairman of the Board, or the President, in the order named, shall call meetings of the stockholders to order, and act as chairman of such meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may appoint any stockholder to act as chairman of any meeting in the absence of the Chairman of the Board. The Secretary of the corporation shall act as secretary at all meetings of the stockholders; but in the absence of the Secretary at any meeting of the stockholders, the presiding officer may appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting.

1.14 Conduct of Meetings. The Board of Directors of the corporation may adopt by resolution such rules and regulations for the conduct of any meeting of the stockholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules and regulations as adopted by the Board of Directors, the chairman of any meeting of the stockholders shall have the right and authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chairman, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board of Directors or prescribed by the chairman of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the following: (i) the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (ii) the determination of when the polls shall open and close for any given matter to be voted on at the meeting; (iii) rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (iv) limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders of record of the corporation, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such other persons as the chairman of the meeting shall determine; (v) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; and (vi) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants.

ARTICLE 2 — DIRECTORS

2.1 General Powers. The business and affairs of the corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of a Board of Directors, who may exercise all of the powers of the corporation except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws. In the event of a vacancy in the Board of Directors, the remaining directors, except as otherwise provided by law, may exercise the powers of the full Board until the vacancy is filled.

2.2 Number; Election and Qualification. The number of directors which shall constitute the whole Board of Directors shall be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors, but in no event shall such number of directors be less than three. The number of directors may be decreased at any time and from time to time by a majority of the directors then in office, but only to eliminate vacancies existing by reason of the death, resignation, removal or expiration of the term of one or more directors. The directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of stockholders by such stockholders as have the right to vote on such election. Directors need not be stockholders of the corporation.

2.3 Classes of Directors. The Board of Directors shall be and is divided into three classes: Class I, Class II and Class III. No one class shall have more than one director more than any other class. If a fraction is contained in the quotient arrived at by dividing the designated number of directors by three, then, if such fraction is one-third, the extra director shall be a member of Class II, and if such fraction is two-thirds, one of the extra directors shall be a member of Class II and one of the extra directors shall be a member of Class III, unless otherwise provided from time to time by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors.

2.4 Terms of Office. Except as otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, each director shall serve for a term ending on the date of the third annual meeting of the stockholders following the annual meeting of the stockholders at which such director was elected; provided, that each initial director in Class I shall serve for a term ending on the date of the annual meeting of stockholders in 1999; each initial director in Class II shall serve for a term ending on the date of the annual meeting of stockholders in 1998; each initial

 

5


director in Class III shall serve for a term ending on the date of the annual meeting of stockholders in 1997; and at each succeeding annual meeting of stockholders beginning in 2000, successors to the class of directors whose term expires at that annual meeting shall be elected for a three-year term; and provided further, that the term of each director shall be subject to the election and qualification of his successor and to his earlier death, resignation or removal.

2.5 Allocation of Directors Among Classes in the Event of Increases or Decreases in the Number of Directors. In the event of any increase or decrease in the authorized number of directors, (i) each director then serving as such shall nevertheless continue as a director of the class of which he is a member and (ii) the newly created or eliminated directorships resulting from such increase or decrease shall be apportioned by the Board of Directors among the three classes of directors so as to ensure that no one class has more than one director more than any other class. To the extent possible, consistent with the foregoing rule, any newly created directorships shall be added to those classes whose terms of office are to expire at the latest dates following such allocation, and any newly eliminated directorships shall be subtracted from those classes whose terms of offices are to expire at the earliest dates following such allocation, unless otherwise provided from time to time by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors.

2.6 Vacancies. Any vacancy in the Board of Directors, however occurring, including a vacancy resulting from an enlargement of the Board, shall be filled only by vote of a majority of the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by the sole remaining director in the event there is only a single director in office following the occurrence of such vacancy. A director elected to fill a vacancy resulting from the death, resignation or removal of a director shall be elected for the unexpired term of his predecessor in office, and a director elected to fill a vacancy resulting from an increase in the number of directors shall hold office until the next election of the class for which such director shall have been chosen, in either case subject to the election and qualification of his successor and to his earlier death, resignation or removal.

2.7 Resignation. Any director may resign by delivering his written resignation to the corporation at its principal office or to the President or Secretary. Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless it is specified to be effective at some other time or upon the happening of some other event.

2.8 Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at such time and place, if any, either within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors and publicized among all directors. A notice of a regular meeting, the date of which has been so publicized, shall not be required.

2.9 Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at any time and place, if any, within or without the State of Delaware, designated in a call by the Chairman of the Board, the President or one-third or more in number of the directors, or by one director in the event that there is only a single director in office.

2.10 Notice of Special Meetings. Notice of any special meeting of directors shall be given to each director by the Secretary or by the officer or one of the directors calling the meeting. Notice shall be duly given to each director (i) by giving notice to such director in person or by telephone at least 24 hours in advance of the meeting, (ii) by sending a telegram, telecopy or telex, electronic transmission, or delivering written notice by hand, to his last known business or home address at least 24 hours in advance of the meeting, or (iii) by mailing written notice to his last known business or home address at least 72 hours in advance of the meeting. A notice or waiver of notice of a special meeting of the Board of Directors need not specify the purposes of the meeting.

2.11 Meetings by Telephone Conference Calls. Directors or any members of any committee designated by the directors may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or such committee by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

2.12 Quorum. A majority of the total number of the whole Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the Board of Directors. In the event one or more of the directors shall be disqualified to vote at any meeting, then the required quorum shall be reduced by one for each such director so disqualified; provided, however, that in no case shall less than one-third (1/3) of the number of directors so fixed pursuant to Section 2.2

 

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constitute a quorum. In the absence of a quorum at any such meeting, a majority of the directors present may adjourn the meeting from time to time without further notice, other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.

2.13 Action at Meeting. At any meeting of the Board of Directors at which a quorum is present, the vote of a majority of those present shall be sufficient to take any action, unless a greater number is required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws.

2.14 Action by Consent. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee of the Board of Directors may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board or committee, as the case may be, consent to the action in writing, and the written consents are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board or committee.

2.15 Removal. A director of the corporation may be removed only for cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of two-thirds of the shares of the capital stock of the corporation issued and outstanding and entitled to vote generally in the election of directors at a meeting of the stockholders called for the purpose of removing such director.

2.16 Committees. The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the whole Board, designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the corporation. The Board may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members of the committee present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors and subject to the provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the corporation and may authorize the seal of the corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it. Each such committee shall keep minutes and make such reports as the Board of Directors may from time to time request. Except as the Board of Directors may otherwise determine, any committee may make rules for the conduct of its business, but unless otherwise provided by the directors or in such rules, its business shall be conducted as nearly as possible in the same manner as is provided in these By-Laws for the Board of Directors.

2.17 Compensation of Directors. Directors may be paid such compensation for their services and such reimbursement for expenses of attendance at meetings as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the corporation or any of its parent or subsidiary corporations in any other capacity and receiving compensation for such service.

ARTICLE 3 — OFFICERS

3.1 Enumeration. The officers of the corporation shall consist of a President, a Secretary, a Treasurer and such other officers with such other titles as the Board of Directors shall determine, including a Chairman of the Board, a Vice Chairman of the Board, and one or more Vice Presidents, Assistant Treasurers and Assistant Secretaries. The Board of Directors may appoint such other officers as it may deem appropriate.

3.2 Election. The President, Treasurer and Secretary shall be elected annually by the Board of Directors at its first meeting following the annual meeting of stockholders. Other officers may be appointed by the Board of Directors at such meeting or at any other meeting.

3.3 Qualification. No officer need be a stockholder. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person.

3.4 Tenure. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, each officer shall hold office until his successor is elected and qualified, unless a different term is specified in the vote choosing or appointing him, or until his earlier death, resignation or removal.

3.5 Resignation and Removal. Any officer may resign by delivering his written resignation to the corporation at its principal office or to the President or Secretary. Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless it is specified to be effective at some other time or upon the happening of some other event. The Board of Directors may remove any officer at any time, with or without cause.

 

 

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3.6 Vacancies. The Board of Directors may fill any vacancy occurring in any office for any reason and may, in its discretion, leave unfilled for such period as it may determine any offices other than those of President, Treasurer and Secretary. Each such successor shall hold office for the unexpired term of his predecessor and until his successor is elected and qualified, or until his earlier death, resignation or removal.

3.7 Chairman of the Board and Vice Chairman of the Board. The Board of Directors may appoint a Chairman of the Board. If the Board of Directors appoints a Chairman of the Board, he shall perform such duties and possess such powers as are assigned to him by the Board of Directors. If the Board of Directors appoints a Vice Chairman of the Board, he shall, in the absence or disability of the Chairman of the Board, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Chairman of the Board and shall perform such other duties and possess such other powers as may from time to time be vested in him by the Board of Directors.

3.8 President. The President shall, subject to the direction of the Board of Directors, have general charge and supervision of the business of the corporation. Unless otherwise provided by the Board of Directors, he shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and, if he is a director, at all meetings of the Board of Directors. Unless the Board of Directors has designated the Chairman of the Board or another officer as Chief Executive Officer, the President shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the corporation. The President shall perform such other duties and shall have such other powers as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.

3.9 Vice Presidents. Any Vice President shall perform such duties and possess such powers as the Board of Directors or the President may from time to time prescribe. In the event of the absence, inability or refusal to act of the President, the Vice President (or if there shall be more than one, the Vice Presidents in the order determined by the Board of Directors) shall perform the duties of the President and when so performing shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the President. The Board of Directors may assign to any Vice President the title of Executive Vice President, Senior Vice President or any other title selected by the Board of Directors.

3.10 Secretary and Assistant Secretaries. The Secretary shall perform such duties and shall have such powers as the Board of Directors or the President may from time to time prescribe. In addition, the Secretary shall perform such duties and have such powers as are incident to the office of the Secretary, including without limitation the duty and power to give notices of all meetings of stockholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors, to attend all meetings of stockholders and the Board of Directors and keep a record of the proceedings, to maintain a stock ledger and prepare lists of stockholders and their addresses as required, to be custodian of corporate records and the corporate seal and to affix and attest to the same on documents.

Any Assistant Secretary shall perform such duties and possess such powers as the Board of Directors, the President or the Secretary may from time to time prescribe. In the event of the absence, inability or refusal to act of the Secretary, the Assistant Secretary (or if there shall be more than one, the Assistant Secretaries in the order determined by the Board of Directors) shall perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Secretary.

In the absence of the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary at any meeting of stockholders or directors, the person presiding at the meeting shall designate a temporary secretary to keep a record of the meeting.

3.11 Treasurer and Assistant Treasurers. The Treasurer shall perform such duties and shall have such powers as may from time to time be assigned to him by the Board of Directors or the President. In addition, the Treasurer shall perform such duties and have such powers as are incident to the office of Treasurer, including without limitation the duty and power to keep and be responsible for all funds and securities of the corporation, to deposit funds of the corporation in depositories selected in accordance with these By-Laws, to disburse such funds as ordered by the Board of Directors, to make proper accounts of such funds and to render as required by the Board of Directors statements of all such transactions and of the financial condition of the corporation.

The Assistant Treasurers shall perform such duties and possess such powers as the Board of Directors, the President or the Treasurer may from time to time prescribe. In the event of the absence, inability or refusal to act of the Treasurer, the Assistant Treasurer (or if there shall be more than one, the Assistant Treasurers in the order determined by the Board of Directors) shall perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Treasurer.

 

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3.12 Salaries. Officers of the corporation shall be entitled to such salaries, compensation or reimbursement as shall be fixed or allowed from time to time by the Board of Directors.

ARTICLE 4 — CAPITAL STOCK

4.1 Issuance of Stock. Unless otherwise voted by the stockholders and subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, the whole or any part of any unissued balance of the authorized capital stock of the corporation or the whole or any part of any unissued balance of the authorized capital stock of the corporation held in its treasury may be issued, sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of by vote of the Board of Directors in such manner, for such consideration and on such terms as the Board of Directors may determine.

4.2 Certificates of Stock. The shares of the corporation shall be represented by certificates, provided that the Board of Directors may provide by resolution or resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of stock shall be uncertificated shares. Any such resolution shall not apply to shares represented by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the corporation. Every holder of stock represented by certificates shall be entitled to have a certificate signed by or in the name of the corporation by the Chairman or Vice Chairman, if any, of the Board of Directors, or the President or a Vice President, and the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer, or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, of the corporation. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the corporation with the same effect as if such person were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.

4.3 Transfers. Subject to the restrictions, if any, stated or noted on the stock certificate, or otherwise in force, certificated shares of stock may be transferred on the books of the corporation by the surrender to the corporation or its transfer agent of the certificate therefor properly endorsed or accompanied by a written assignment and power of attorney properly executed, with necessary transfer stamps affixed, and with such proof of the authenticity of signature as the board of directors or the transfer agent of the corporation may reasonably require. Uncertificated shares of stock may be transferred on the books of the corporation upon receipt of proper transfer instructions from the registered owner of the uncertificated shares, an instruction from an approved source duly authorized by such owner or from an attorney lawfully constituted. Except as may be otherwise required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, the corporation shall be entitled to treat the record holder of stock as shown on its books as the owner of such stock for all purposes, including the payment of dividends and the right to receive notice and to vote or to give any consent with respect thereto and to be held liable for such calls and assessments, if any, as may lawfully be made thereon, regardless of any transfer, pledge or other disposition of such stock until the shares have been properly transferred on the books of the corporation.

4.4 Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates. The corporation may issue a new certificate of stock in place of any previously issued certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon such terms and conditions as the Board of Directors may prescribe, including the presentation of reasonable evidence of such loss, theft or destruction and the giving of such indemnity as the Board of Directors may require for the protection of the corporation or any transfer agent or registrar.

4.5 Record Date. The Board of Directors may fix in advance a date as a record date for the determination of the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action. Such record date shall not be more than 60 nor less than 10 days before the date of such meeting, nor more than 60 days prior to any other action to which such record date relates. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day before the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day before the day on which the meeting is held. The record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating to such purpose.

 

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A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

4.6 Record Owner. The corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends and to vote as such owner, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise required by law.

ARTICLE 5 — GENERAL PROVISIONS

5.1 Fiscal Year. Except as from time to time otherwise designated by the Board of Directors, the fiscal year of the corporation shall begin on the first day of January in each year and end on the last day of December in each year.

5.2 Corporate Seal. The corporate seal shall be in such form as shall be approved by the Board of Directors.

5.3 Notice; Waiver of Notice. If mailed, notice to a stockholder of the corporation shall be deemed given when deposited in the mail, postage prepaid, directed to a stockholder at such stockholder’s address as it appears on the records of the corporation. Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given effectively to stockholders, any notice to stockholders of the corporation may be given by electronic transmission in the manner provided in Section 232 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. Whenever any notice whatsoever is required to be given by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, a waiver of such notice either in writing signed by the person entitled to such notice or such person’s duly authorized attorney, or by telegraph, cable or any other available method, whether before, at or after the time stated in such waiver, or the appearance of such person or persons at such meeting in person or by proxy, shall be deemed equivalent to such notice.

5.4 Voting of Securities. Except as the directors may otherwise designate, the President or Treasurer may waive notice of, and act as, or appoint any person or persons to act as, proxy or attorney-in-fact for this corporation (with or without power of substitution) at, any meeting of stockholders or shareholders of any other corporation or organization, the securities of which may be held by this corporation.

5.5 Evidence of Authority. A certificate by the Secretary, or an Assistant Secretary, or a temporary Secretary, as to any action taken by the stockholders, directors, a committee or any officer or representative of the corporation shall, as to all persons who rely on the certificate in good faith, be conclusive evidence of such action.

5.6 Certificate of Incorporation. All references in these By-Laws to the Certificate of Incorporation shall be deemed to refer to the Certificate of Incorporation of the corporation, as amended or restated and in effect from time to time.

5.7 Transactions with Interested Parties. No contract or transaction between the corporation and one or more of the directors or officers, or between the corporation and any other corporation, partnership, association or other organization in which one or more of the directors or officers are directors or officers, or have a financial interest, shall be void or voidable solely for this reason, or solely because the director or officer is present at or participates in the meeting of the Board of Directors or a committee of the Board of Directors which authorizes the contract or transaction or solely because his or their votes are counted for such purpose, if:

(1) The material facts as to his relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the Board of Directors or the committee, and the Board or committee in good faith authorizes the contract or transaction by the affirmative votes of a majority of the disinterested directors, even though the disinterested directors be less than a quorum;

(2) The material facts as to his relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the stockholders entitled to vote thereon, and the contract or transaction is specifically approved in good faith by vote of the stockholders; or

 

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(3) The contract or transaction is fair as to the corporation as of the time it is authorized, approved or ratified by the Board of Directors, a committee of the Board of Directors or the stockholders.

Common or interested directors may be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a meeting of the Board of Directors or of a committee which authorizes the contract or transaction.

5.8 Severability. Any determination that any provision of these By-Laws is for any reason inapplicable, illegal or ineffective shall not affect or invalidate any other provision of these By-Laws.

5.9 Pronouns. All pronouns used in these By-Laws shall be deemed to refer to the masculine, feminine or neuter, singular or plural, as the identity of the person or persons may require.

ARTICLE 6 — AMENDMENTS

6.1 By the Board of Directors. These By-Laws may be altered, amended or repealed, or new By-Laws may be adopted, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors present at any regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors at which a quorum is present.

6.2 By the Stockholders. These Bylaws may be altered, amended or repealed, or new By-Laws may be adopted, by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the shares of the capital stock of the corporation issued and outstanding and entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, provided notice of such alteration, amendment, repeal or adoption of new By-Laws shall have been stated in the notice of any regular or special meeting called for such purpose.

 

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EX-10.15

Exhibit 10.15

RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT AWARD AGREEMENT

Issued Pursuant to the Forrester Research, Inc. Amended and Restated 2006 Equity

Incentive Plan

(Date)

(Name)

(Address)

(City, State, Zip)

Dear (Name),

The undersigned (the “Participant”) (i) acknowledges that (s)he has received an award (the “Award”) of restricted stock units from Forrester Research, Inc. (the “Company”) under the Forrester Research, Inc. Amended and Restated 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), subject to the terms set forth below in this agreement (the “Agreement”) and (ii) agrees with the Company as follows:

1. Effective Date; Restricted Stock Unit Award. Provided the Company receives this Agreement duly signed by the Participant by (Acceptance Deadline), this Agreement shall take effect (Grant Date) which is the date of grant of the Award. The Award gives the Participant the conditional right to receive, without payment but subject to the conditions and limitations set forth in this Agreement and in the Plan, (RSU Grant Amount) shares of Stock (the “Shares”).

Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, all terms used herein shall have the same meaning as in the Plan.

2. Vesting. This Award shall vest twelve (12) months after the date of this Agreement, with regard to one-fourth of the total Shares under this Award (rounded to the nearest whole Share), twenty-four (24) months after the date of this Agreement with regard to an additional one-fourth of the total Shares under this Award (rounded to the nearest whole Share), thirty-six (36) months after the date of this Agreement with regard to an additional one-fourth of the total Shares under this Award (rounded to the nearest whole Share), and forty-eight (48) months after the date of this Agreement for the balance of the total Shares under this Award, provided that the Participant on each such vesting date has been continuously employed by the Company or a subsidiary of the Company since the date of this Agreement.

3. Delivery of Shares. Subject to Section 5 below, the Company shall, on or as soon as reasonably practicable following each vesting date set forth in Section 2 above (but in no event later than March 15 of the year following the calendar year of each such vesting date), effect delivery of the Shares with respect to the vested portion of the Award to the Participant (or, in the event of the Participant’s death after vesting of all or a portion of the Award, to the person to whom the Award has passed by will or the laws of descent and distribution).

4. Dividends; Equity Interest. The Award shall not be interpreted to bestow upon the Participant any equity interest or ownership in the Company or any of its subsidiaries prior to the date on which the Company delivers Shares to the Participant. The Participant is not entitled to vote any Shares by reason of the granting of this Award or to receive or be credited with any dividends that may be declared and payable on any Share prior to the payment date with respect to such Share. The Participant shall have the rights of a shareholder only as to those Shares, if any, that are actually delivered under the Award.

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5. Certain Tax Matters. The Participant expressly acknowledges that because this Award consists of an unfunded and unsecured promise by the Company to deliver Shares in the future, subject to the terms hereof, it is not possible to make a so-called “83(b) election” with respect to the Award. The Company shall, and the Participant expressly authorizes the Company to, satisfy the federal, state, local, non-U.S. or other tax withholding obligations arising in connection with the vesting of this Award or any portion thereof by having shares of Stock withheld from the Shares deliverable to the Participant upon vesting of all or any portion of the Award, up to the greatest number of whole shares with an aggregate fair market value sufficient to satisfy the minimum required withholding applicable to the amount so vesting.

6. Nontransferability. Neither this Award nor any rights with respect thereto may be sold, assigned, transferred, pledged or otherwise encumbered, except as the administrator may otherwise determine.

7. Reservation of Shares. The Company hereby agrees that at all times there shall be reserved for issuance and/or delivery such number of Shares as shall be required for issuance or delivery upon vesting of the Award.

8. Effect on Employment Rights. Nothing contained herein shall be construed to confer upon the Participant any right to be continued in the employ of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or derogate from the right of the Company or any of its subsidiaries to retire, request the resignation of, or discharge the Participant at any time, with or without cause, except as may be expressly agreed otherwise between the Company and the Participant. The rights of the Participant are limited to those expressed herein and in the Plan and are not enforceable against the Company or its subsidiaries or affiliates, except to the extent set forth herein.

9. Exclusion from Pension and Incentive Computations. By acceptance of the grant of the Award, the Participant hereby agrees that any income realized upon the vesting of the Award, or upon the disposition of the Shares delivered upon vesting, is special incentive compensation and will not be taken into account as “wages,” “salary,” or “compensation” in determining the amount of any payment under any pension, retirement, incentive, profit-sharing, bonus, or deferred compensation plan of the Company or its subsidiaries.

10. Legal Requirements. Without limiting the generality of Section 8 of the Plan, the Company may postpone the issuance and delivery of Shares after vesting of the Award until (a) the admission of such Shares to listing on any stock exchange or exchanges on which Shares of the Company of the same classes are then listed and (b) the completion of such registration or other qualification of such Shares under any state or federal law, rule or regulation as the Company shall determine to be necessary or advisable.

11. Amendment. The Compensation Committee may, with the consent of the Participant in the case of an amendment that adversely affects the Participant’s rights under the Award, at any time or from time to time, amend the terms and conditions of the Award. No amendment of any provision of this Agreement shall be valid unless the same shall be in writing.

12. Notices. Any notice which either party hereto may be required or permitted to give to the other shall be in writing, and may be delivered personally or by mail, postage prepaid,

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addressed as follows: to the Company, at its office at 60 Acorn Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, or at such other address as the Company by notice to the Participant may designate in writing from time to time; to the Participant, at the address shown below his signature on this Agreement, or at such other address as the Participant by notice to the Company may designate in writing from time to time. Notices shall be effective upon receipt.

13. Personal Data. Participant agrees, understands and acknowledges that by signing this Agreement, Participant has given his/her voluntary and explicit consent to the Company to process personal data and/or sensitive personal data concerning the Participant, including but not limited to the information provided in this Agreement and any changes thereto, other necessary or appropriate personal and financial data relating to Participant and Participant’s Award, participation in the Plan, and the Shares acquired upon vesting of the Award. Participant also hereby gives his or her explicit and voluntary consent to the Company to transfer any such personal data and/or sensitive personal data or information outside the country or jurisdiction in which the Participant works or is employed in order for the Company to fulfill its obligations under this Award and the Plan. Participant acknowledges that the Company and any subsidiary may make such personal data available to one or more third parties selected by the Company or the Administrator who provide services to the Company relating to the Award and the Plan. Participant hereby acknowledges that he or she has been informed of his or her right of access to his or her personal data by contacting his or her strategic growth representative. Participant understands and acknowledges that the transfer of the personal data is important to the administration of the Award and the Plan and that failure to consent to the transmission of such data may limit his or her participation in the Plan.

14. Incorporation of Plan; Interpretation. The Award and this Agreement are issued pursuant to and are subject to all of the terms and conditions of the Plan, the terms, conditions, and definitions of which are hereby incorporated as though set forth at length, and the receipt of a copy of which the Participant hereby acknowledges by his signature below. A determination of the Committee as to any questions which may arise with respect to the interpretation of the provisions of this Award and of the Plan shall be final. The Committee may authorize and establish such rules, regulations, and revisions thereof not inconsistent with the provisions of the Plan, as it may deem advisable.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have signed this Agreement as of the date first above written.

 

Forrester Research, Inc.
By:    
  Chief Legal Officer

Participant

Signature:                                                                              

Name of Participant:                                                                          Date:                             , 20XX

Address of Participant:                                                                                                   

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EX-10.22

Exhibit 10.22

November 6, 2012

Mr. Charles Rutstein

526 Cambridge Turnpike

Concord, MA 01742

Dear Charles:

This letter acknowledges your separation from employment with Forrester Research, Inc. (“Forrester” or the “Company”), and sets forth Forrester’s agreement with you concerning this separation and the terms of your severance package.

You have agreed to resign from your position as Chief Operating Officer and as a member of the Board of Directors of Forrester effective October 24, 2012. Your separation from employment with Forrester shall be effective as of November 15, 2012 (the “Separation Date”). Between now and the Separation Date, you shall be available as needed in order to assist in the orderly transition of your duties and to perform such other duties as may be reasonably directed by Forrester.

On the Separation Date, Forrester will pay you an amount equal to any earned but previously unpaid base salary through such date, and payment for accrued but unused vacation, reduced by all appropriate withholdings. The payments set forth in this paragraph are not contingent upon your execution of this letter agreement.

Subject to your eligibility to elect continuing group medical and dental insurance coverage in accordance with the federal law known as COBRA, your participation in Forrester’s group medical and dental insurance plans shall terminate effective November 30, 2012, in accordance with the terms of such plans and programs. Your participation in all other employee benefit plans and programs provided by Forrester shall terminate on the Separation Date in accordance with the terms of such plans and programs.

This letter does not alter the terms of any Company stock and stock option plans (such as the Company’s Amended and Restated 1996 Equity Incentive Plan or Amended and Restated 2006 Equity Incentive Plan), or the terms of any previously awarded grants under such plans.

Please be reminded of your continuing obligations pursuant to the Confidentiality, Proprietary Rights, and Noncompetition Agreement that you signed on June 18, 1998 (copy enclosed). These obligations continue following the conclusion of your employment on November 15, 2012, and apply regardless of whether you execute this letter agreement.


Further, in consideration of your fulfillment of your obligations set forth herein, and without admission of any wrongdoing or liability on the part of Forrester, you and Forrester agree as follows:

 

1. Subject to your execution of this letter agreement, as well as your continuing fulfillment of all of your obligations hereunder, Forrester will provide you with the following:

(a) Forrester will pay you severance compensation for twenty-four (24) semi-monthly pay periods, as follows: (i) $14,700.00 per semi-monthly pay period, as such amount is your current base salary ($352,800.00 annualized); and (ii) $695.00 per semi-monthly pay period, as such amount is approximately the Company’s contribution towards your current medical and dental insurances. These payments will be made in accordance with Forrester’s regular payroll practices and will be subject to all applicable withholdings. These payments will begin as soon as administratively possible following the expiration of the revocation period set forth in paragraph 9, below. For the avoidance of doubt, the payment referenced in subsection (ii) may be used by you for any purpose, including, but not limited to, health care continuation coverage under COBRA.

(b) You will be eligible to receive executive level outplacement services, up to a maximum amount of $30,000.00, through an entity of your choosing, subject to Forrester’s approval, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld. The invoices for such services shall be sent directly to my attention at Forrester for payment. Forrester shall pay such invoices within thirty (30) days of Forrester’s receipt of same.

(c) Forrester agrees not to contest any claim you may file for unemployment compensation benefits. You acknowledge and agree that the decision whether to award such benefits rests with the state unemployment board and that Forrester cannot guarantee your receipt of such benefits.

 

2. Prior to your Separation Date, you shall return to Forrester all telephone cards, credit cards, building cards, keys, work papers, files and other documentation, laptop computer and other equipment, computer files and diskettes, and all other Forrester records and property, without retaining any copies or derivations thereof, except for your personnel and benefits documents.

 

3. You have agreed to submit for reimbursement purposes all business expense reports and any necessary supporting documentation to Forrester by November 15, 2012. The severance pay set forth in paragraph 1 above will take into account a proper reconciliation of amounts due to you from Forrester and/or amounts due to Forrester from you. These reconciliation adjustments may include, but are not limited to, outstanding travel advances or expenses, overdue American Express bills, unreturned Company-owned equipment, and outstanding expense reports. For the avoidance of doubt, in the event these obligations to Forrester have not been previously satisfied, Forrester will offset them against any severance compensation payable hereunder.

 

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4. In consideration of the undertakings described herein, including the severance compensation which Forrester has agreed to pay you hereunder, and to which you would not otherwise be entitled, you, on behalf of yourself and your representatives, assigns, executors, administrators, and heirs, hereby completely release and forever discharge Forrester Research, Inc. and its subsidiaries, and all of their respective shareholders (but only in their capacity as shareholders), officers, and all other representatives, agents, directors, employees, employee benefit plans, successors, and assigns, both individually and in their official capacities, from all claims, rights, demands, actions, obligations, and causes of action, of every kind, nature, and character, known or unknown, which you now have, may now have, or have ever had, against them until the date you execute this letter agreement arising from or in any way connected with your employment relationship with Forrester Research, Inc., any actions during the relationship, and/or the termination of such relationship. This release extends to, without limitation, “wrongful discharge” claims; all claims relating to any contracts of employment, express or implied; any claims related to defamation, privacy, misrepresentation, or breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing, express or implied, and tort claims of every nature; any claims under municipal, state, or federal statutes or ordinances; claimed violations of fair employment practices, anti-discrimination, or civil rights laws (including but not limited to all claims under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and any claims of discrimination on the basis of race, sex, pregnancy, age, religion, national origin, sexual orientation or sexual preference, handicap, disability, veteran status or any other protected classification; claims under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, as amended; claims under the Family and Medical Leave Act, as amended, or any other federal or state law concerning leaves of absence; claims under the Americans With Disabilities Act, as amended, and any other laws and regulations relating to employment discrimination); claims under the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (“WARN”) Act; claims under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (other than claims against an employee benefit plan seeking payment of a vested benefit under the terms of that plan); claims for wages, bonuses, incentive compensation, stock payments, stock options, any form of equity participation, or any other compensation or benefits; and claims for compensatory or punitive damages or attorney’s fees. This release does not apply to any vested stock options or other vested stock awards nor does it alter the terms of any equity incentive plans or previously awarded grants under such plans.

This release shall not apply to the following: a) any claim to enforce this letter agreement; b) any claim for indemnification and defense pursuant to any Forrester policy, such as its by-laws, or any insurance policy it may hold; and c) any claim for COBRA benefits.

 

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5. You agree that unless and until Forrester determines that, under applicable law, Forrester is required to make the provisions of this letter agreement public, the terms of this letter agreement are confidential. All information relating to the subject matter of this agreement, including the terms and amounts set forth herein, have been and will be held confidential by you and not publicized or disclosed to any person (other than an immediate family member, legal counsel, or financial advisor, provided that any such individual to whom permissible disclosure is made agrees to be bound by these confidentiality obligations), business entity, or government agency (except as mandated by state or federal law). You also agree that you will not disparage Forrester, its officers and directors, and any employee who you know to be an employee on the Separation Date. Forrester agrees to instruct its officers and directors to refrain from disparaging you. You represent that, as of the date of this letter agreement, you have not breached the Confidentiality, Proprietary Rights, and Noncompetition Agreement you entered into with Forrester, and you further agree to abide by such Agreement going forward. Any material breach of this letter agreement or the Confidentiality, Proprietary Rights, and Noncompetition Agreement, will be grounds for immediate termination and/or disgorgement of any of the pay and benefits provided to you hereunder. You further agree to cooperate with Forrester and to make yourself available to Forrester upon Forrester’s reasonable request, both before and after the Separation Date, in order to assist Forrester in: a) the defense of any pending or future legal claims as to which you may have relevant information; and b) the execution of any administrative or regulatory filings and related documentation, including as needed in order to effectuate your resignation or removal as a director, officer, or authorized signatory for any corporate group entity. You acknowledge and agree that you will not receive any additional compensation for such cooperation.

 

6. Massachusetts law shall govern the validity and interpretation of this agreement.

 

7. Any term or provision of this letter agreement that is determined to be invalid or unenforceable by any court of competent jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such invalidity or unenforceability without rendering invalid or unenforceable the remaining terms and provisions of this letter agreement or affecting the validity or enforceability of any of the terms or provisions of this letter agreement in any other jurisdiction; and any such invalid or unenforceable provision shall be modified by such court so that it is enforceable to the greatest extent permitted by applicable law.

 

8.

This letter agreement constitutes the entire understanding of the parties with respect to your employment, its termination, and all related matters, excepting only the Confidentiality, Proprietary Rights and Noncompetition Agreement, and any stock option certificates and RSU award agreements, which will remain in full force and effect according to their terms. You and Forrester expressly warrant that each has read and fully understands this agreement; that Forrester has advised you to consult with an attorney before signing this agreement, and that

 

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  you have had the opportunity to consult with legal counsel of your own choosing and to have the terms of this agreement fully explained to you; that you are not executing this agreement in reliance on any promises, representations, or inducements other than those contained herein; and that you are executing this agreement knowingly and voluntarily, and free of any duress or coercion.

 

9. You may take until November 28, 2012 to decide to sign and return this agreement to Forrester, provided that you may not sign this letter agreement until the day following the Separation Date. You acknowledge that this response date provides you with more than twenty-one (21) days from the date of your receipt of such letter agreement in order to review and decide whether to accept such letter agreement. The offer contained in this letter agreement will automatically become null and void if Forrester does not receive your signed acceptance by November 28, 2012. Additionally, for a period of seven (7) days after you sign this agreement, you may revoke your acceptance of this agreement by delivery of written notice to Gail S. Mann, Chief Legal Officer, Forrester Research, Inc., 60 Acorn Park Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140. This agreement will not take effect until that revocation period has expired, and provided you have not timely revoked your acceptance of this agreement.

 

10. This letter agreement, and the rights and obligations of the Company and you hereunder, shall inure to the benefit of and shall be binding upon, you and the Company and your and the Company’s respective successors, assigns, heirs and personal representatives.

If you wish to accept this agreement, please sign the enclosed copy of this letter agreement no earlier than the day following the Separation Date and no later than November 28, 2012, and return it to me. Please call me if you have any questions regarding the information set forth in this letter agreement.

 

Very truly yours,

/s/ Elizabeth A. Lemons

Elizabeth A. Lemons
Chief People Officer
Accepted and Agreed:

/s/ Charles B. Rutstein

Charles B. Rutstein
November 16, 2012

 

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EX-21

EXHIBIT 21

SUBSIDIARIES OF THE REGISTRANT

Whitcomb Investments, Inc., a Massachusetts corporation

Forrester Research B.V., a Dutch corporation.

Forrester Research Limited, a United Kingdom corporation

Forrester Research KK, a Japanese corporation

Forrester Research Australia Pty Limited, an Australian corporation

Forrester Research (Canada) Inc., a New Brunswick, Canada corporation

Forrester Germany GmbH, a German corporaton

Forrester Switzerland GmbH, a Swiss corporation

Forrester Market Advisory (Beijing) Co., Ltd., a Chinese corporation

Forrester Research India Private Limited, an Indian corporation

Forrester Research Israel Limited, an Israeli corporation

Forrester International S.a.r.l., a Luxembourg corporation

Forrester Singapore Pte. Ltd., a Singapore corporation

Forrester Research SAS, a French corporation

Forrester Research S.r.l., an Italian corporation

EX-23.1

Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We hereby consent to incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (Nos. 333-159563, 333-136109, 333-16905, 333-22749, 333-96393, 333-38626, 333-99749, 333-99751) of Forrester Research, Inc. of our report dated March 18, 2013 relating to the consolidated financial statements and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appear in this Form 10-K.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Boston, Massachusetts

March 18, 2013

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF THE PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

I, George F. Colony, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Forrester Research, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

/S/ GEORGE F. COLONY

George F. Colony

Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal executive officer)

Date: March 18, 2013

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF THE PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

I, Michael Doyle, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Forrester Research, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

/S/ MICHAEL DOYLE

Michael Doyle

Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

(Principal financial officer)

Date: March 18, 2013

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

SECTION 1350, CHAPTER 63 OF TITLE 18, UNITED STATES CODE,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Pursuant to Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the undersigned, as Chief Executive Officer of Forrester Research, Inc. (the “Company”), does hereby certify that to the undersigned’s knowledge:

1) the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2) the information contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

/S/ GEORGE F. COLONY

George F. Colony

Chairman of the Board of Directors and

Chief Executive Officer

Dated: March 18, 2013

EX-32.2

EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

SECTION 1350, CHAPTER 63 OF TITLE 18, UNITED STATES CODE,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Pursuant to Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the undersigned, as Chief Financial Officer of Forrester Research, Inc. (the “Company”), does hereby certify that to the undersigned’s knowledge:

1) the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2) the information contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

/S/ MICHAEL DOYLE

Michael Doyle
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

Dated: March 18, 2013